The use of pyroligneous acid (PA), a by-product of charcoal production, is an ancient practice applied in agriculture to control soil and plant pests and diseases. However, little is known about the chemical alterations that this product may cause on treated soil. Thus, the present work aimed to evaluate the effect of PA concentrations on soil ions movement and to verify possible soil chemical properties changes. Detachable columns were filled with Oxisol, submitted to application of 5 PA concentrations (0, 1, 2, 4, 8% v/v), followed by water infiltration in an amount corresponding to 1.5 times the soil total pore volume, and evaluated the soil of four depths (0-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40cm) and the leachate. The use of pyroligneous acid in concentrations up to 2 % (v/v) induces only slight decrease of k, Mg, basis saturation and total cation exchange capacity, in the 0-20 cm soil layer. The application of 4 % (v/v) and 8 % (v/v) pyroligneous acid induces severe increase on the potential acidity, and the decrease on the pH, basis saturation, total cation exchange capacity, and Ca concentration, in the layer of 0-20 cm soil. The P and K concentration reduces in the 0-20 cm soil layer by increasing from 1% to 8% the concentration of pyroligneous acid solution applied on soil surface. By increasing the PA concentration applied on the soil, there is increase of acidity, organic matter, P, K, Ca, and Mg, and decrease of sulfate in the leachate.Index terms: Soil fertility, leaching, wood vinegar. RESUMOO uso do extrato pirolenhoso (PA), um produto obtido pela condensação dos gases oriundos da fabricação de carvão vegetal, é uma prática antiga aplicada na agricultura para controlar as pragas e doenças do solo e das plantas. Entretanto, pouco se sabe sobre as alterações químicas que esse produto pode causar no solo tratado. Assim, este trabalho teve o objetivo de estudar o efeito da aplicação de PA na movimentação de íons no perfil do solo e alterações nas suas propriedades químicas. Colunas desmontáveis foram preenchidas com Latossolo e submetidas à aplicação de 5 concentrações de PA (0, 1, 2, 4 e 8 % v/v), seguidas de infiltração com água equivalente a 1,5 vezes o volume dos poros e, posteriormente, analisado o solo de 4 profundidades (0-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40 cm), bem como o lixiviado. Verificou-se que a aplicação de 4 %(v/v) e 8 %(v/v) de PA induz aumento na acidez potencial, bem como diminuição do pH, da saturação de bases, da capacidade total de troca de cations e da concentração de Ca na camada de 0-20 cm do solo. A concentração de P e K reduz na camada de 0-20 cm à medida que se aumenta de 1% a 8% a concentração de PA aplicado no solo. Ao aumentar a concentração de PA aplicado ao solo, também ocorre o aumento da acidez, de matéria orgânica, P, K, Ca e Mg, e redução de sulfato no lixiviado. Termos para indexação:Fertilidade do solo, lixiviação, vinagre de madeira.

Vinasse (or stillage) is a byproduct from ethanol production, which contains organic matter, K, N, and other plant nutrients that is regularly used as soil fertilizer. However, high transportation costs limits its application in areas far from distilleries. The possibility of biogas production from vinasse, and the direct or indirect advantages of its use, is a way to reduce costs due to its concentration. Biodigested vinasse concentrate (BVC) is an alkaline product that is very different from common vinasse. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare the effect of BVC with common vinasse (CV) or KCl, with or without N fertilization, on soil fertility and growth and nutrition of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) plants. Plants were grown in pots containing Oxisol under different treatments and maintained for 60 d under greenhouse conditions; variables related to soil fertility, plant growth, and mineral nutrition were evaluated. It was observed that adding BVC induces higher soil pH (5.9 to 6.3) and lower potential acidity (13 to 10 mmolc dm -3 ) compared with KCl, and similar soil chemical changes to CV addition. Plants fertilized with BVC and N showed lower root dry matter (DM) (4.02 g) compared with those fertilized with KCl and CV (6.3 and 5.44 g, respectively). Plants fertilized with BVC have similar total DM (18.25 and 20.31 g) accumulation and nutritional conditions compared with those fertilized with CV and KCl. Plants fertilized with BVC had the highest Na accumulation (0.36 and 0.48 g plant -1 ).