Chemical Characterization and Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of South Brazilian Organic Propolis

Abstract

South Brazilian organic propolis (OP), which has never been studied before, was assessed and its chemical composition, scavenging potential of reactive oxygen species, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities are herein presented. Based on the chemical profile obtained using HPLC, OP was grouped into seven variants (OP1–OP7) and all of them exhibited high scavenging activity, mainly against superoxide and hypochlorous acid species. OP1, OP2, and OP3 had the smallest minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Gram-positive bacteria Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus oralis, and Streptococcus aureus (12.5–100 μg/mL). OP1, OP2, OP3, and OP4 were more effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Gram-negative), with MIC values ranging from 100 to 200 μg/mL. OP6 showed anti-inflammatory activity by decreasing NF-kB activation and TNF-α release in RAW 264.7 macrophages, and expressing the NF-κB-luciferase reporter stable gene. Therefore, south Brazilian OP can be considered an excellent source of bioactive compounds with great potential of application in the pharmaceutical and food industry.

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of two extract of propolis against isolates of Staphylococcus spp. and multiresistant bacterials

“…These results agree with Kareem et al (2015) who also observed this activity in Iranian propolis against Staphylococcus spp. MBC for EPA (34.3-68.6µg/mL) was similar to Cabral et al (2009) and Rhajaoui et al (2001); lower than Hayacibara et al (2005), Alencar et al (2007) and Tiveron et al (2016) and higher than Santos et al (2002) and Zeighampour et al (2014). According to Cos et al (2006), the ideal anti-infective concentration would be generally below 100µg/ml for extracts, confirming the excellent efficiency of the EPA in relation to EPB and to others studies.…”

“…In both extracts the total phenol content was higher than the total flavonoids content, a common finding for propolis from Brazil (Alencar et al 2007, Kalogeropoulos et al 2009, Nunes et al 2012, Coelho 2013, Greece, Cyprus (Kalogeropoulos et al 2009), Czech Republic, Ireland and Germany (Al-Ani et al 2018). The total phenol and flavonoids contents observed for EPA were similar to those of Kumazawa et al (2004), El Sohaimy & Masry (2014) and Silva et al (2015), lower than Alencar et al (2007), Cabral et al (2012), Peixoto et al (2012) and El Sohaimy & Masry (2014), and higher than Tiveron et al (2016). Cunha et al (2004) observed a variation of 6.41 to 15.24% in the total phenol content, while Gonsales et al (2006) verified variations between 0.05 and 0.63% in the contents of flavonoids and Sousa et al (2007) verified a total flavonoid content of 0.06 to 0.38% for samples from São Paulo (Franca region) and from 0.12 to 2.11% for those from Minas Gerais (Passo region).…”

“…These results agree with Al Naggar et al (2016) that also found coumaric acid, ferulic acid and caffeic acid in Canadian propolis. Previous studies also have had describe presence of caffeic acid (Marcucci et al 2001, Bankova et al 2002, Kartal et al 2002, Salomão et al 2004, Ahn et al 2007, Mohammadzadeh et al 2007, Barbarić et al 2011, Coelho 2013, El Sohaimy & Masry 2014, Niculae et al 2015, Oldoni et al 2015, Tiveron et al 2016, Al-Ani et al 2018; coumaric acid (Mohammadzadeh et al 2007, Barbarić et al 2011, Coelho 2013, Niculae et al 2015, Oldoni et al 2015, Tiveron et al 2016, Afrouzan et al 2018, Al-Ani et al 2018; cinnamic acid (Salomão et al 2004, Yang et al 2011, Coelho 2013, El Sohaimy & Masry 2014, Tiveron et al 2016, Al-Ani et al 2018; and ferulic acid (Bankova et al 2002, Kartal et al 2002, Salomão et al 2004, Ahn et al 2007, Alencar et al 2007, Mohammadzadeh et al 2007, Barbarić et al 2011, Coelho 2013, El Sohaimy & Masry 2014, Niculae et al 2015…”

Chemical characterization and pharmacological action of Brazilian red propolis

“…Trusheva et al (2006) reported that the caffeic extract isolated from red propolis from Alagoas presented antioxidant activity up to 85% compared to positive control phenylhydrazine. In a study involving organic propolis from southern Brazil, Tiveron et al (2016) reported high antioxidant activity of their alcoholic extracts. Other authors evaluated the antioxidant effect of the alcoholic extract of red propolis.…”

“…Among apiculture products, propolis stands out because it has been traditionally used for centuries (Tiveron et al, 2016). It is a resinous substance with characteristic aroma, whose color varies from yellowish, light greenish red to dark brown, depending on its botanical origin.…”