Chemical characterization, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of the methanolic extract of Hymenocrater longiflorus grown in Iraq

Abstract

Hymenocrater longiflorus was collected from northern Iraq, and the chemical composition and antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of this plant were investigated. Ten compounds detected by HPLC-ESI/MS were identified as flavonoids and phenolic acids. The free radical scavenging activity of the 70% methanol extract was evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The antioxidant activities of the extract may be attributed to its polyphenolic composition. The cytotoxicity of the plant extract against the osteosarcoma (U2OS) cell line was assessed with the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The extract significantly reduced the viability of cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Cells were arrested during the S-phase of the cell cycle, and DNA damage was revealed by antibodies against histone H2AX. The apoptotic features of cell shrinkage and decrease in cell size were also observed. Western blot analysis revealed cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose)-polymerase 1 (PARP-1), in addition to increases in the proteins p53, p21, and γ-H2AX. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that the H. longiflorus extract is highly cytotoxic to U2OS cells, most likely due to its polyphenolic composition.

The genusHymenocrater: a comprehensive review

“…b-Sitosterol was also found in H. bituminosus (Azimova & Glushenkova 2012). Ten compounds including cirsimaritin, rosmarinic acid, apigenin-7-O-glucoside, genistein, apigenin, acacetin, carnosic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid and isorhamnetin were identified as flavonoids and phenolic acids in the methanol extract of H. longiflorus grown in Iraq (Al-Anee et al 2015).…”

“…The antioxidant activity of essential oil, polar sub-fraction and non-polar sub-fraction H. longiflorus collected from Kermanshah Province in Iran was also determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging, b-carotene linoleic acid assay and reducing power (Ahmadi et al 2010). The free radical scavenging activity of the methanol extract of H. longiflorus grown in Iraq was evaluated using DPPH assay; the antioxidant activities of the extract may be attributed to its polyphenolic composition (Al-Anee et al 2015). The aerial parts of H. calycinus collected from Bojnurd in Iran are a potential source of natural antioxidants, phenolic and flavonoids; the total phenolic content and antioxidant ability were depending on the type of solvent (Soodmand et al 2015).…”

“…Some plants secondary metabolites are known as potential anticancer drugs through direct cytotoxicity toward cancer cells or inhibition of tumour development (Al-Anee et al 2014). Al-Anee et al (2015) demonstrated that the methanol extract of H. longiflorus grown in Iraq exerts potent antioxidant, cytotoxic and apoptotic effects on the osteosarcoma (U2OS) cells; extract decreased cell viability, and the effect was concentration and time dependent. Exposure to a high concentration (100 lg/mL) of H. longiflorus extract for 24 h induced detachment of a number of cells from the walls of the wells and appeared to cause a form of cell death called anoikis.…”

Chemical composition profile of the essential oil fromhymenocrater bituminousand its health functionality

“…Nonetheless, they have been used by local people as medicine for the treatment of some health problems such as headache, wounds, giddiness, fever, skin allergies, and cardiac illnesses as well as an anti-inflammatory, antimosquito, house freshener, and sedative medicinal herb. [5][6][7][8][9][10] Some biological activities such as antibacterial effects of H. sessilifolius, H. elegans, H. yazdianus, and H. calycinus, [5,9,11,12] cytotoxic, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, and larvicidal activities of H. longiflorus, [6,7,13] anticancer and antioxidant properties of H. platystegius, [14] and antifungal, antibacterial, and antidiabetic activities of H. bituminous [15] have been reported. All members of the genus are more or less aromatic and produce essential oil.…”

“…Phytochemical studies on the genus have been resulted in identification of some important bioactive components such as rosmarinic acid, β-sitosterol, ursolic acid, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, cirsimaritin, apigenin-7-O-glucoside, genistein, apigenin, acacetin, carnosic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and isorhamnetin. [6,15,18,19] H. bituminous is an aromatic sturdy shrub growing in mountainous habitats from Turkmenistan to Turkey. This species as an Irano-Turanian element has distributed more extensive than any other Hymenocrater species in the region.…”