No abstract

No abstract

Hesperidin is a flavonoid glycoside with proven therapeutic activities for various diseases, including cancer. However, its poor solubility and bioavailability render it only slightly absorbed, requiring a delivery system to reach its therapeutic target. Hesperidin loaded on gold nanoparticles (Hsp-AuNPs) was prepared by a chemical synthesis method. Various characterization techniques such as UV-VIS spectroscopy, ftiR, XRD, feSeM, teM and eDX, Zeta potential analysis, particle size analysis, were used to confirm the synthesis of Hsp-AuNPs. The cytotoxic effect of Hsp-AuNPs on human breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231) was assessed using MTT and crystal violet assays. The results revealed significant decrease in proliferation and inhibition of growth of the treated cells when compared with human normal breast epithelial cell line (HBL-100). Determination of apoptosis by fluorescence microscope was also performed using acridine orange-propidium iodide dual staining assay. The in vivo study was designed to evaluate the toxicity of Hsp-AuNPs in mice. The levels of hepatic and kidney functionality markers were assessed. No significant statistical differences were found for the tested indicators. Histological images of liver, spleen, lung and kidney showed no apparent damages and histopathological abnormalities after treatment with Hsp-AuNPs. Hsp-AuNPs ameliorated the functional activity of macrophages against Ehrlich ascites tumor cells-bearing mice. The production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines was also assessed in bone marrow-derived macrophage cells treated with Hsp-AuNPs. The results obviously demonstrated that Hsp-AuNPs treatment significantly inhibited the secretion of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF. The burden caused by cancer to the global public health has been markedly increasing, as evidenced by an estimate of 9.6 million mortalities in 2018 (around one sixth of the overall worldwide mortalities), around 70% of which being recorded in nations with low to middle income 1,2. The most frequently diagnosed type of cancer in females is breast cancer, being the reason for more than one tenth of annual newly diagnosed cases and the second cause of mortality. In Iraq, breast cancer occupies the second rank, following cardiovascular diseases, as a major cause of mortality (23% of cancer-related deaths in women) 3. Direct administration of the available chemical drugs is generally problematic, while these chemicals often exert toxicity and unwanted side effects to the patient's

In the present study, copper oxide (CuO) colloidal nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using laser ablation of copper pellet immersed in deionized water. Pulsed Nd: YAG laser was used to irradiate the targets at different laser energies and various ablation times. NP suspensions were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD, and TEM. The absorption spectrum exhibited a peak at ∼275 nm and another peak with low intensity at ∼645 nm. The XRD pattern of the NPs proved the presence of (-111) and (112) planes assigned to the CuO phase. The TEM images showed nearly spherical shape nanoparticles CuO NPs with size of 3-40 nm. The antibacterial activity of CuO NPs was first carried out against four types of bacteria: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris and Staphylococcus aureus, by liquid medium method. CuO NPs showed the highest antibacterial activity against E. coli at the highest concentration (1000 µg mL −1 ). CuO NPs and amoxicillin had a synergistic effect on inhibiting E. coli and S. aureus growth; this effect was also tested using the well diffusion method. In this method, CuO NPs at a concentration of 1000 µg mL −1 along with amoxicillin showed the inhibition zone against E. coli (26.0 ± 1.00 mm), as well as complete inhibition of bacteria against S. aureus.

Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from Catharanthus roseus leaf extract was carried out, and their characterization, as well as antioxidant, antimicrobial, and wound-healing activities were evaluated. Color change, UV-vis spectrum, XRD, FTIR, and AFM assessments supported the biosynthesis and characterization of AgNPs. The synthesized AgNPs showed strong in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities against various pathogens. The in vivo assessment of wound healing in AgNPs-treated mice revealed their effectiveness in closuring and reducing size of wounds. Such potent bioactivity may justify their biomedical use as antioxidant and antimicrobial agents for controlling various health-related diseases, particularly in wound healing.