Chemical Characterization of Aeolian Dust Deposition in Southern and Western Iran

Foroushani, Mansour A.; Opp, Christian; Groll, Michael

doi:10.9734/ajgr/2019/v2i230081

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Similar to the other contributions, southwestern Iran is significantly at risk of dust deposition, which affects water quality, e.g., [36], soil productivity, e.g., [37], crop and live-stock, e.g., [38], human welfare, e.g., [7,39], political discontent, emigration, national costs, e.g., [40], and the economy, e.g., [41].…”

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confidence: 69%

Investigation of Aeolian Dust Deposition Rates in Different Climate Zones of Southwestern Iran

2021

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Dust and atmospheric particles have been described in southwestern Iran primarily in terms of load, concentration and transport. The passive deposition, however, has been discussed inadequately. Therefore, the relationships between different climate zones in southwestern Iran and dust deposition rates were quantified between 2014 and 2017 using both space- (second modern-era retrospective analysis for research and applications, version 2 reanalysis model) and ground-based (eolian ground deposition rate) tools. In addition, the surface meteorological records, including the wind patterns favoring the occurrence of dust events, were examined. A hot desert climate (BWh), hot semi-arid climate (BSh), and temperate hot and dry summer climate (Csa) were identified as the three dominant climate regions in the study area, exhibiting the highest average dust deposition rates. In this study, correlations between the most relevant climate patterns and deposition rate weather parameters were found to describe a region’s deposition rate when a dust event occurred. Based on these results, the BSh and Csa regions were found to be associated with the seasonal cycle of dust events in March, April, and May, revealing that in the long run meteorological conditions were responsible for the varying dust deposition rates. Relatively, precipitation and temperature were the two major factors influencing dust deposition rates, not wind speed. Moreover, the peak seasonal deposition rates in the spring and summer were 8.40 t km−2 month−1, 6.06 t km−2 month−1, and 3.30 t km−2 month−1 for the BWh, BSh, and Csa climate regions, respectively. However, each of these climate types was directly related to the specific quantity of the dust deposition rates. Overall, the highest dust deposition rates were detected over the years studied were 100.80 t km−2 year−1, 79.27 t km−2 year−1, and 39.60 t km−2 year−1 for BWh, BSh, and Csa, respectively.

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confidence: 69%

Investigation of Aeolian Dust Deposition Rates in Different Climate Zones of Southwestern Iran

2021

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“…However, recent studies from Central Asia showed an increase in the seasonal dust deposition rate from spring to autumn (Groll et al, 2013;Opp et al, 2017) in the Aral Sea region for the period from 2003 to 2012. Five dust storms have been reported in southwestern Iran during springtime of 2011, 2012 (Najafi et al, 2014), and 2014 (Foroushani et al, 2019). Moreover, dust loads from Africa and Asia were transported into the Arctic and deposition reached a maximum rate in spring (Stohl, 2006;Quinn et al, 2007;Breider et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and temporal gradients in the rate of dust deposition and aerosol optical thickness in southwestern Iran

2020

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The southwestern Iran is one of the regions that are most prone to dust events. The objective of this study is the analysis of the spatial and temporal distributions of dust deposition rate as a key factor for finding the relative impact of the dust. First, the monthly mean aerosol optical thickness (AOT) from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) was analyzed and compared with the dust amount variations from ground deposition rate (GDR), and the results were further used to investigate the spatial and temporal distributions of dust events in southwestern Iran for the period between 2014 and 2015. Moving air mass trajectories, using the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model, were proven to be a discriminator of their local and regional origin. The results from GDR analysis produced a correlation coefficient between dust event history and deposition rates at dust magnitudes of >0.93 that is meaningful at the 95% confidence level. Furthermore, the deposition rates varied from 3 g/m 2 per month in summer to 10 g/m 2 per month in spring and gave insight into the transport direction of the dust. Within the same time series, AOT correspondences with MODIS on Terra in four aerosol thickness layers (clean, thin, thick, and strong thick) were shown in relation to each other. The deepest mixed layers were observed in spring and summer with a thickness of approximately 3500 m above ground level in the study area. Investigations of ground-based observations were correlated with the same variations for each aerosol thickness layer from MODIS images and they can be applied to discriminate layers of aeolian dust from layers of other aerosols. Together, dust distribution plots from AOT participated to enhance mass calculations and estimation deposition rates from the thick and strong thick aerosol thickness layers using the results from GDR. Despite all the advances of AOT, under c ertain circumstances, ground-based observations are better able to represent aerosol conditions over the study area, which were tested in southwestern Iran, even though the low number of observations is a commonly acknowledged drawback of GDR.

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“…Both gravimetric and directional dust samplers were constructed and installed 2 m above the ground at G01-G10 ( Figure 2) to observe the deposited particulate matter that settled from the air [28]. The sampler design was deliberately kept simple to ensure long-term durability and easy maintenance [39,40].…”

Section: Data Sampling Methods and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S is the erodibility factor for the i th grid of the model. Recently, numerous studies have evaluated the dust deposition rates and the physical and chemical characteristics of dust in Iran (e.g., [27,28]) and worldwide (e.g., [29,30]). Previous studies have indicated influences of the PBL and the land surface on the calculation of aeolian feedback and these relationships were used to determine the soil moisture and its corresponding relationships with atmosphere, land, and transport processes (e.g., [31]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of WRF-Chem Predictions for Dust Deposition in Southwestern Iran

et al. 2020

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The relationships between monthly recorded ground deposition rates (GDRs) and the spatiotemporal characteristics of dust concentrations in southwest Iran were investigated. A simulation by the Weather Research and Forecasting Model coupled with the Chemistry modeling system (WRF-Chem) was conducted for dust deposition during 2014–2015. The monthly dust deposition values observed at 10 different gauge sites (G01–G10) were mapped to show the seasonal and spatial variations in dust episodes at each location. An analysis of the dust deposition samples, however, confirmed that the region along the deposition sites is exposed to the highest monthly dust load, which has a mean value of 2.4 mg cm−2. In addition, the study area is subjected to seasonally varying deposition, which follows the trend: spring > summer > winter > fall. The modeling results further demonstrate that the increase in dust emissions is followed by a windward convergence over the region (particularly in the spring and summer). Based on the maximum likelihood classification of land use land cover, the modeling results are consistent with observation data at gauge sites for three scenarios [S.I, S.II, and S.III]. The WRF model, in contrast with the corresponding observation data, reveals that the rate factor decreases from the southern [S.III—G08, G09, and G10] through [S.II—G04, G05, G06, and G07] to the northern points [S.I—G01, G02, and G03]. A narrower gap between the modeling results and GDRs is indicated if there is an increase in the number of dust particles moving to lower altitudes or an increase in the dust resident time at high altitudes. The quality of the model forecast is altered by the deposition rate and is sensitive to land surface properties and interactions among land and climate patterns.

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Chemical Characterization of Aeolian Dust Deposition in Southern and Western Iran

Cited by 6 publications

References 31 publications

Investigation of Aeolian Dust Deposition Rates in Different Climate Zones of Southwestern Iran

Investigation of Aeolian Dust Deposition Rates in Different Climate Zones of Southwestern Iran

Spatial and temporal gradients in the rate of dust deposition and aerosol optical thickness in southwestern Iran

Evaluation of WRF-Chem Predictions for Dust Deposition in Southwestern Iran

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