Chemical characterization of soot precursors and soot particles produced in hexane and diesel surrogates using an inverse diffusion flame burner

Velasquez, Mauricio; Mondragón, Fanor; Santamarı́a, Alexander

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2012.04.033

Cited by 52 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Figure 4 shows morphologies and nanostructures of F0, F air 20 and F ar 20. In numerous previous experimental investigations of flames, the primary particles covered by a film-like deposition with irregular shape were considered as nascent soot particles [9,[22][23][24]. As Figure 4d shows the morphology of the soot particles from pure ethylene flames (F0), we can clearly see that particles in F0 show liquid-like materials with irregular shapes, which are partially transparent to the electron beam.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Several previous investigations have been confirmed that the flame configuration known as an inverse diffusion flame (IDF) appears to be a good alternative for studying the chemistry of the soot inception process [22][23][24]. Compared to other types of configurations, the precursor material and young soot particles can be collected from an IDF without oxidation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the Response of Nascent Soot Nanostructure and Oxidative Reactivity to Photoflash Exposure

et al. 2017

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Soot particles are a kind of major pollutant from fuel combustion. To enrich the understanding of soot, this work focuses on investigating detailed influences of instantaneous external irradiation (conventional photoflash exposure) on nanostructure as well as oxidation reactivity of nascent soot particles. By detailed soot characterizations flash can reduce the mass of soot and soot nanostructure can be reconstructed substantially without burning. After flash, the degree of soot crystallization increases while the soot reactive rate decreases and the activation energy increases. In addition, nanostructure and oxidative reactivity of soot in air and Ar after flash are different due to their different thermal conductivities.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Response of Nascent Soot Nanostructure and Oxidative Reactivity to Photoflash Exposure

et al. 2017

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“…Some of the primary species were bound tighter, as if agglomeration was just beginning. In numerous previous experimental studies, the primary particles covered by a film-like deposition with irregular shape were classified as nascent soot particles [37][38][39][40]. As a result, the particles observed in F2-F4 were considered as nascent soot particles which appeared to contain precursor-like material and were just beginning to carbonize.…”

Section: Effects Of Pentanol On the Nanostructure Of Nascent Sootmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanostructure and Oxidation Reactivity of Nascent Soot Particles in Ethylene/Pentanol Flames

Ying

Liu

et al. 2017

Energies

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Abstract:As byproducts of the combustion process of hydrocarbon fuels, soot particles are difficult to remove, and they can greatly harm human health and pollute the environment. Therefore, the formation and growth processes of the soot particles has become a study focus of researchers. In this paper, the nanostructure and oxidation reactivity of carbonaceous particles collected from ethylene inverse diffusion flames with or without the additions of three pentanol isomers (1-pentanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, and 2-methyl-1-butanol) were investigated in detail. The nanostructure and oxidation characteristics of nascent soot particles were characterized using high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). It was found that the nascent soot cluster of pure ethylene flame had a loose structure, while the additions of pentanol isomers made the soot agglomerates more compact and delayed the growth of graphitic structures. The pentanol isomer additions also contributed to a higher disorder of the crystallite arrangement in the soot nanostructure. According to the TGA experiments, the results showed that the addition of pentanol isomers enhanced the oxidation reactivity of soot particles, which could help to reduce soot particle emissions.

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“…Various previous studies considering biofuel soot were conducted [29][30][31][32][33]. Chemical and morphological characterization of soot and soot precursors were studied with diesel surrogates, aromatic and aliphatic fuels [34][35][36][37][38]. It was found that diesel surrogate fuel produced five times more soot than the aliphatic hexane flame, and soot particle morphology became chain-like aggregates covered with liquid material with irregular boundaries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoscale Characteristics and Reactivity of Nascent Soot from n-Heptane/2,5-Dimethylfuran Inverse Diffusion Flames with/without Magnetic Fields

et al. 2018

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Abstract:In this study, the differences of nanostructure and oxidation reactivity of the nascent soot formed in n-heptane/2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF) inverse diffusion flames (IDF) with/without influence of magnetic fields were studied, and the effects of DMF-doped and magnetic fields were discussed. Morphology and nanostructures of the soot samples were investigated using high-resolution transmission electron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, and the oxidation reactivity characteristics were analyzed by thermogravimetric analyzer. Results demonstrated that both additions of DMF-doped and magnetic fields could promote soot production and modify the soot nanostructure and oxidation reactivity in IDF. Soot production increased along with the increase of DMF-doped. With DMF blends, more clustered soot particles and typical core-shell structures with well-organized fringes were exhibited compared with that formed from the pure n-heptane IDF. With effects of magnetic fields, the precursor formation and the oxidization of soot were promoted, soot production was enhanced. Soot particles became relatively more mature with typical core-shell structure, thicker shell, longer fringe lengths, smaller fringe tortuosity, higher graphitization degree and lower oxidation reactivity. With magnetic force pointed to the central line and the inner direction of IDF under the conditions of N pole and S pole of the magnet facing the flame, oxygen was trapped, having an increased residence time to get more chance to react with the fuel molecules to cause more soot to be yielded and oxidized. That resulted in the soot precursor promotion, soot production enhancement, and soot part-oxidization and graphitization.

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Chemical characterization of soot precursors and soot particles produced in hexane and diesel surrogates using an inverse diffusion flame burner

Cited by 52 publications

References 24 publications

On the Response of Nascent Soot Nanostructure and Oxidative Reactivity to Photoflash Exposure

On the Response of Nascent Soot Nanostructure and Oxidative Reactivity to Photoflash Exposure

Nanostructure and Oxidation Reactivity of Nascent Soot Particles in Ethylene/Pentanol Flames

Nanoscale Characteristics and Reactivity of Nascent Soot from n-Heptane/2,5-Dimethylfuran Inverse Diffusion Flames with/without Magnetic Fields

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