Chemical components of Ocimum sanctum L. essential oil grown in Hanoi, Vietnam and its antifungal properties against dermatologic pathogen - Malassezia

Abstract

Malassezia species can cause serious dermatologic diseases in humans. Synthetic antifungal drugs, which have been usually utilised as a treatment for Malassezia-associated diseases, are belonged to the azole group. However, the hypersensitivity and resistance to synthetic drugs due to improper use are raising public concerns. Recently, the study of using herbal essential oils in the control of Malassezia fungus has attracted great attention from researchers. This study analysed and identified 19 compounds of Ocimum sanctum L. essential oil, where eugenol is the main composition in O. sanctum L. essential oil, accounting for 42.4%. O. sanctum L. essential oil showed strong activity against 3 strains of human skin fungi M. furfur VNF01, M. furfurATCC14521, and M. globosa VNG02 with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2.5 μl/ml. Using this concentration, 74.66-80.66% of tested yeast strains’ cell numbers were eliminated after a 20-minute treatment. The results suggested that the herbal O. sanctum L. essential oil could be a potential agent to develop cosmetic products including shampoo and cream for the prevention and treatment of Malassezia-associated diseases.

Petrogenesis and Tectonic Implications of Early Paleozoic Magmatism in Awen Gold District, South Section of the Truong Son Orogenic Belt, Laos

“…The Ordovician strata in south of the TSOB are characterized by a series of deep-water sedimentary rocks. These rocks at the Long Dai Formation are primarily composed of rhythmic alternations of sandstone, siltstone, and mudstone, with intercalations of radiolarian chert, and andesitic layers [13,87,88]. The stratigraphic features, as well as the arc magmatic rock associations discovered in this study, indicate an arc setting.…”

“…The Nd and Sr ratios were normalized to 146 Nd/ 144 Nd = 0.7219 and 86 Sr/ 88 Sr = 0.1194, respectively. The BCR-2 standards with 143 Nd/ 144 Nd = 0.512633 ± 0.000017 (2σ) and 87 Sr/ 86 Sr = 0.705013 ± 0.000019 (2σ), respectively, were used to assess analytical precision. The initial 87 Sr/ 86 Sr and 143 Nd/ 144 Nd ratios were calculated using their zircon U-Pb ages.…”

\(\textit{Ceropegia vietnamensis }\) (Asclepiadoideae, Apocynaceae), a new species from Vietnam

“…During a botanical survey in October 2020, the authors of this paper encountered a lantern flower in Binh Chau -Phuoc Buu Nature Reserve, Ba Ria -Vung Tau province, Vietnam. It was initially assigned to be Ceropegia candelabrum L. (Asclepiadaceae: Asclepiadoideae) according to Pham-Hoang (2003) and Tran (2017). Our recent examination of its morphological characteristics and consultation of literature indicates that it is indeed a new species that we describe here.…”

“…and Ceropegia cordata Lour. Costantin (1912) (Tran, 2017), he listed four species (C. candelabrum, C. driophila, C. obtusa and C. cordata) but the two species later were noted with "lack of information". (Rodda & Meve, 2017) in general appearance and coloration of flowers but the new plant differs from the latter in many characters: larger petioles (5-14 × 1.5-2.5 vs. 5-7 × 1-1.5 mm in diam.…”

A new species of Hoya R.Br. (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae) from the Philippines

“…is a megadiverse genus occurring from the Himalayan foothills to Okinawa (Japan) and through Southeast Asia and Malesia to Australia and the Fiji Islands. Despite being fairly well known in Thailand ( Thaithong et al 2018 ), Vietnam ( Tran 2017 ), Singapore ( Middleton and Rodda 2019 ), Borneo ( Lamb and Rodda 2016 ; Rodda and Rahayu 2022 ) and New Guinea ( Cámara-Leret et al 2020 ; Rodda and Simonsson 2022 ), much is still needed to complete larger revisions and incorporate in keys the wealth of new species which keep being described at a fast pace, making published revisions quickly outdated.…”