Chemical composition and antifungal potential of medicinal plants against seedborne mycoflora of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)

Abstract

-Antifungal activities of medicinal plants were observed against seedborne mycofl ora of eggplant (Solanum melongena). The effect of ethanolic leaf extracts of Mangifera indica, Mentha spicata, Citrus limon, Eucalyptus camaldulensis against four isolated fungal species including Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus fl avus, Rhizopus stolonifer and Penicillium digitatum was evaluated at various concentrations, by using the poisoned food technique. The impact of the extracts on seed germination and growth of eggplant was assessed by seed treatment and growth in a greenhouse experiment. Total fl avonoids of E. camaldulensis were analyzed through spectrophotometer, using quercetin as a standard. Physico-chemical parameters were also determined. Antifungal activity showed that maximum inhibition percentage of P. digitatum (67.78%) and F. oxysporum (64.44%) was observed at the highest concentration (80%) of C. limon and E. camaldulensis extracts, respectively, followed by M. spicata extract against A. fl avus (63.33%) and R. stolonifer (52.22%). Least inhibition percentage of F. oxysporum, P. digitatum, R. stolonifer and A. fl avus was 6.67, 7.78, 14.44 and 16.67%, respectively, at the lowest (20%) concentration of M. spicata. The greenhouse experiment showed variations in seedling germination and post-germination growth. E. camaldulensis extract showed an increase in percent germination (78.98%) over untreated control (62.83%), root and shoot length and fresh and dry weight of root and shoot with the consequent reduction in disease symptoms. Phytochemical analysis depicted the presence of alkaloids, fl avonoids, tannins, saponins in all extracts while steroids and glycosides were absent. A fair amount (10.38 mg QE g -1 DF ) of fl avonoid was present in leaf extract of E. camaldulensis. Physico-chemical analysis showed pH of 4.6, ash content of 0.41% and weight loss on drying of 8.14%.

Eco-Friendly Measures for Control of Phomopsis vexans and Other Mycoflora of Brinjal

“…(Table 1). Similarly, Aidoo et al, (2011) reported that the Aspergillus is a predominant fungus (21.5 %) followed by Penicillium (17.0%) and similar pattern of incidence was reported by Bhajbhuje (2013), Singh and Sharma (2013) and Ashiq et al, (2017). Such dominance by Aspergillus could be due to competitive inhibition of P. vexans, which could be due to suppression of germination and growth of C. capsici as reported in chilli (Gupta, 2016).…”

Exogenous Application of Plant Extracts and Salicylic Acid to Mitigate Cucumber Mosaic Virus and Aphid Population in Cucumber

“…Once it enters the body of a feeding insect, it destroys its nervous system, ultimately resulting in changes in its feeding behaviour, followed by paralysis and death. As another approach to viral disease management, many medicinal plants possess antimicrobial properties (Nashwa and Abo-Elyousr, 2012;Ashiq et al, 2017) and are applied to control fungal, bacterial, and viral diseases of diverse economically important crops. Additionally, use of plant extracts and soft soap solutions can control most of the important sucking and chewing insects including whiteflies, aphids, thrips, leafminers, armyworm, and small beetles (Elwell and Maas, 1995).…”

Comparative Analysis of Antimicrobial Activity of Herbal Extracts against Pathogenic Microbes

“…Medicinal plants contain large number of secondary phytomedicines like phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, steroids etc. possesses synergistic effects used for remedial purposes [4]. These secondary bioactive compounds have different structures with different mode of action used to control microbial growth and survival.…”