Chemical Composition and Fungicidal Activity of Commercial Essential Oils of<i>Thymus vulgaris</i>L.

Zambonelli, Alessandra; D'Aulerio, Aldo Zechini; Severi, Aldo; Benvenuti, Stefania; Maggi, Loretta; Bianchi, Alberto

doi:10.1080/10412905.2004.9698653

Cited by 62 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…This effect is probably due to the presence of compounds such as thymol and carvacrol, already known for their fungicidal and bactericidal properties (ZAMBONELLI et al, 2004). Similary, the effect of cinnamon oil is attributed to cinnamaldehyde and eugenol compounds present in large concentrations (MONTES-BELMONT; CARVAJAL, 1998).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Essential oils for rust control on coffee plants

et al. 2012

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Rust is considered the most important disease in coffee because it causes severe defoliation in plants and, consequently, reduction in productivity. This study evaluated the in vitro effect of essential oils of cinnamon, citronella, lemongrass, clove, tea tree, thyme, neem and eucalyptus on the germination of urediniospores of Hemileia vastatrix; the effectiveness of these oils to control rust on seedlings of coffee cultivars Catucaí 2SL, Catuaí IAC 62 and Mundo Novo 379/19 in the greenhouse; and the effect of more promising oils on urediniospores of H. vastatrix by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). All the essential oils inhibited the germination of urediniospores with increasing concentrations. All oils promoted partial control of the disease in the greenhouse. However, the oils of thyme, clove and citronella, at a concentration of 1000 µL L -1 , were most effective in controlling the disease on cultivars Catucaí 2SL, Catuaí IAC 62 and Mundo Novo 379/19, respectively. The images generated in TEM showed that urediniospores exposed to oils of clove, citronella and thyme promoted cellular disorganization and cytoplasmic vacuolization, which was more pronounced in urediniospores exposed to citronella oil. The oils of thyme, clove and citronella are promising for the control of rust in coffee.Index terms: Hemileia vastatrix, alternative control, transmission electron microscopy. RESUMOA ferrugem é considerada a doença de maior importância no cafeeiro, pois causa acentuada desfolha nas plantas e, consequentemente, redução na produtividade. Este trabalho avaliou o efeito in vitro de óleos essenciais de canela, citronela, capimlimão, cravo-da-índia, árvore-de-chá, tomilho, nim e eucalipto na germinação de urediniósporos de Hemileia vastatrix; a eficácia desses óleos no controle da ferrugem em mudas de cafeeiro das cultivares Catucaí 2SL, Catuaí IAC 62 e Mundo Novo 379/19 em casa de vegetação; e o efeito dos óleos mais promissores sobre urediniósporos de H. vastatrix por meio de microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (MET). Todos os óleos essenciais inibiram a germinação dos urediniósporos com o aumento das concentrações. Todos os óleos promoveram controle parcial da doença em casa de vegetação. No entanto, os óleos de tomilho, cravo-da-índia e citronela, na dose de 1000 µL L -1 , foram os mais eficazes no controle da doença nas cultivares Catucaí 2SL, Catuaí IAC 62 e Mundo Novo 379/19, respectivamente. Nas imagens geradas em MET, observou-se que urediniósporos expostos aos óleos de cravo-da-índia, citronela e tomilho apresentaram desorganização citoplasmática e vacuolização celular, sendo esta mais pronunciada em urediniósporos expostos ao óleo de citronela. Os óleos de tomilho, cravo-da-índia e citronela são promissores no controle da ferrugem em cafeeiro. Termos para indexação:Hemileia vastatrix, controle alternativo, microscopia eletrônica de transmissão.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Essential oils for rust control on coffee plants

et al. 2012

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“…Souza et al (2004) observaram total inibição do crescimento micelial de Rhizopus sp., Penicillium spp., Eurotium repens e Aspergillus niger, nas concentrações 500, 1.000, 1.500 e 2.000 ppm, respectivamente. Zambonelli et al (1996) observaram, por meio da MEV, que o óleo de tomilho a 800 ppm diminuiu o crescimento micelial e promoveu a degeneração de hifas e o extravasamento celular de Colletotrichum lindemuthianum e Pythium ultimum. Medice (2007), ao utilizar o mesmo óleo a 3.000 ppm, observou que urediniósporos de P. pachyrhizi encontravam-se murchos e inviáveis para germinação.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Extrato de casca de café, óleo essencial de tomilho e acibenzolar-S-metil no manejo da cercosporiose-do-cafeeiro

Pereira

Alves

Júnior

et al. 2008

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de concentrações de extrato de casca de café, óleo essencial de tomilho e acibenzolar-S-metil na germinação, no crescimento micelial e no desenvolvimento in vivo de Cercospora coffeicola, além de caracterizar a efi ciência deles como indutores de resistência, e determinar a atividade da enzima peroxidase e o acúmulo de lignina nos tecidos de cafeeiro. O extrato de casca de café não afetou a germinação, entretanto, inibiu o crescimento micelial proporcionalmente ao aumento das concentrações. O óleo essencial de tomilho inibiu a germinação e o crescimento micelial com o aumento das concentrações. O extrato de casca de café e o acibenzolar-S-metil não afetaram a germinação nem o desenvolvimento dos tubos germinativos, diferentemente do óleo essencial de tomilho. Mudas tratadas com acibenzolar-S-metil, extrato de casca de café e óleo essencial de tomilho, apresentaram picos de atividade da peroxidase aos 2 e 11, 7 e 11 e, 2 e 9 dias após a aplicação dos tratamentos, respectivamente. Os tratamentos não diferiram quanto à concentração de lignina. Extrato de casca de café e acibenzolar-S-metil induziram resistência em mudas de cafeeiro contra C. coffeicola e o óleo essencial de tomilho apresentou efeito tóxico ao patógeno.Termos para indexação: Cercospora coffeicola, Coffea arabica, indução de resistência, microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Coffee berry husk extract, thyme essential oil and acibenzolar-S-methyl in the control of brown eye spot of coffee treeAbstract -The objective of this work was to assess the effect of the coffee berry husk extract, thyme essential oil and acibenzolar-S-methyl on the germination and micelial growth and on in vivo development of Cercospora coffeicola, and to characterize their effi ciency as resistance inducers in coffee plants, and to determine the peroxidase activity and lignin accumulation in tissues of coffee tree. The coffee berry husk extract presented no toxic effect on germination; however, it inhibited the mycelial growth proportionally to the increase of the concentrations. The thyme essential oil inhibited the germination and the mycelial growth with the increase of concentrations. Both coffee berry husk extract and acibenzolar-S-methyl neither affected the germination nor the development of germinative tubes, differently of thyme essential oil. Seedlings treated with acibenzolar-S-methyl, coffee berry husk extract and thyme essential oil presented peaks of peroxidase activity at 2 nd and 11 th , 7 th and 11 th and, 2 nd and 9 th days after treatment, respectively. The treatments did not differ in lignin content. Coffee berry husk extract and acibenzolar-S-methyl induced resistance in coffee seedlings against C. coffeicola, and thyme essential oil presented toxic effect on the pathogen.

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“…According to GC results, carvacrol was the main component of the oils which quantified as 64.6 % and 44.7 % in HD and MD methods, respectively; while in other researches on T. kotschyanus, the amount of carvacrol has been reported 22.6 %-65.9 % 17,20 . The content of carvacrol in another species of this genus was reported as 6.7 % in Thymus daenensis 21 , 1-2 % in Thymus vulgaris 27 and 27-38 % in Thymus persicus 20 . Carvacrol is present in low concentration in human food as a flavor 6 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential Oil Compositions ofThymus kotschyanusBoiss. Obtained by Hydrodistillation and Microwave Oven Distillation

Khanavi

Hajimehdipoor

Emadi

et al. 2013

Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants

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Abstract:The essential oils of the aerial parts of Thymus kotschyanus Boiss. obtained by hydrodistillation (HD) and microwave oven distillation (MD) were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. 39 components were identified in the essential oil of this plant (95.0 % in HD and 94.8 % in MD). The components of the essential oil extracted by MD were similar to those obtained by HD. T. kotschyanus essential oil was characterized by a high amount of carvacrol (64.6 % in HD and 44.7 % in MD). Other major compounds were identified as p-cymene, γ-terpinene and L-Borneol. Thymoquinone was absent in HD method. Although the time of MD was 12 times less than HD, but the percentage of essential oil was only 15 % less (1.2 % in MD and 1.4 % in HD). Moreover, the amount of carvacrol as the main component of the plant essential oil, in MD was 20 % less than HD.

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Chemical Composition and Fungicidal Activity of Commercial Essential Oils ofThymus vulgarisL.

Cited by 62 publications

References 14 publications

Essential oils for rust control on coffee plants

Essential oils for rust control on coffee plants

Extrato de casca de café, óleo essencial de tomilho e acibenzolar-S-metil no manejo da cercosporiose-do-cafeeiro

Essential Oil Compositions ofThymus kotschyanusBoiss. Obtained by Hydrodistillation and Microwave Oven Distillation

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