Chemical composition and protein digestibility of poultry by-product meals for salmonid diets

Use of Turkey Meal as a Replacement for Menhaden Fish Meal in Practical Diets for Sunshine Bass Grown in Cages

“…Rawles et al (2006) stated that one limitation to incorporating substantial levels of PBM in carnivorous fish diets stems from factors related to product source and processing, conditions that can radically affect specific amino acid availability in rendered products. Dong et al (1993) found that proximate composition and protein digestibility of PBM from various manufacturers often differed from reported tabular values (NRC 1993). The PBM source and processing conditions can greatly affect specific amino acid availability (Parsons et al 1997;Wang and Parsons 1998;Bureau et al 1999).…”

“…This includes the total amino acid composition of the ingredients, as well as the bioavailability of the amino acids. Nengas et al (1999) reported that PBM can be deficient in one or more EAAs for gilthead seabream Sparus aurata, which has reduced bioavailability of protein and essential amino acids to sunshine bass (Gaylord et al 2004), largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides (Portz and Cyrino 2004); and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Dong et al 1993). Gaylord and Rawles (2005) reported that pet-food-grade PBM fortified with lysine and methionine appeared to be a nutritionally viable replacement for all FM in diets for sunshine bass.…”

Effect of replacement of fish meal by meat and bone meal and poultry by-product meal in diets on the growth and immune response of Macrobrachium nipponense

“…However, the fact that 50% replacement of PBM caused low SGR as compared to the replacement of PBM at 15% might be due to the poorer essential amino acid balance than PMB 15 . The utilization of PBM depends on the quality of the products, which vary among producers [32]. Our results are in agreement with those of Davis and Arnold [33], who observed that co-extruded soybean poultry by-product meal and flash dried poultry by-product meal could efficiently substitute a certain percentage of fish meal in practical diets for juvenile L. vannamei (mean initial wt:GS:D:, 0:37G0:015 g) without an adverse effect on growth performance.…”

Apparent protein and energy digestibility of common and alternative feed ingredients by Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua (Linnaeus, 1758)

“…Poultry by-product meal can also be high in ash (N15%) and is often variable in proximate composition. Protein digestibility can be quite low for hydrolyzed feather meal due to high levels of keratin (Dong et al, 1993;Hardy and Barrows, 2002).…”