Chemical composition and redox activity of PM0.25 near Los Angeles International Airport and comparisons to an urban traffic site

Shirmohammadi, Farimah; Lovett, Christopher; Sowlat, Mohammad H.; Mousavi, Amirhosein; Verma, Vishal; Shafer, Martin M.; Schauer, James J.; Sioutas, Constantinos

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.239

Cited by 32 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…In the studies of He et al and Shirmohammadi et al, particles were collected at Los Angeles Airport (LAX) and central Los Angeles (LA) and among other analyses, allocated according to elements associated with different sources [ 49 , 50 ]. S was considered as aviation-related and particle-bound Na was viewed as ocean-related, due to sea salt from the ocean near by LAX.…”

Section: Toxicity Of Jet Fuel Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In LAX particles, S accounted for the largest fraction (49.5%), followed by road dust elements (21.8%) and traffic-related elements (15.9%). In particles from central LA, elements from traffic, road dust, and aviation were represented equally (28.5, 31.5, and 33.4%, respectively) [ 49 , 50 ]. In a study from Montreal-Pierre-Elliott-Trudeau International Airport, several metals were found to be abundant in the particle fraction, such as Fe, Zn, and Al, and the authors speculate, that airports in fact may be hotspots for nanoparticles containing emerging contaminants [ 37 ].…”

Section: Toxicity Of Jet Fuel Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Emission measurement studies are continuously conducted at international airports, such as Amsterdam Airport Schiphol (AMS) [ 28 , 59 ], Rome Ciampino (CIA) [ 60 ], London Heathrow (LHR) [ 61 , 62 ], Beirut-Rafic Hariri International Airport (RHIA) [ 63 ], Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport [ 64 ], Los Angeles International Airport (LAX) [ 32 , 49 , 65 ], and other large airports in California [ 66 ] which besides measurements of the previously mentioned compounds, also often include analyses of emission patterns and weather conditions, and characterizations of particle size- and mass distributions [ 67 ]. The data from these emission studies and physical-chemical studies of emissions including particle matter (PM), from which we referenced some in the previous sections, were recently reviewed thoroughly [ 9 ].…”

Section: Toxicity Of Jet Fuel Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of health effects associated with exposure to jet engine emissions in and around airports

et al. 2021

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Background Airport personnel are at risk of occupational exposure to jet engine emissions, which similarly to diesel exhaust emissions include volatile organic compounds and particulate matter consisting of an inorganic carbon core with associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and metals. Diesel exhaust is classified as carcinogenic and the particulate fraction has in itself been linked to several adverse health effects including cancer. Method In this review, we summarize the available scientific literature covering human health effects of exposure to airport emissions, both in occupational settings and for residents living close to airports. We also report the findings from the limited scientific mechanistic studies of jet engine emissions in animal and cell models. Results Jet engine emissions contain large amounts of nano-sized particles, which are particularly prone to reach the lower airways upon inhalation. Size of particles and emission levels depend on type of aircraft, engine conditions, and fuel type, as well as on operation modes. Exposure to jet engine emissions is reported to be associated with biomarkers of exposure as well as biomarkers of effect among airport personnel, especially in ground-support functions. Proximity to running jet engines or to the airport as such for residential areas is associated with increased exposure and with increased risk of disease, increased hospital admissions and self-reported lung symptoms. Conclusion We conclude that though the literature is scarce and with low consistency in methods and measured biomarkers, there is evidence that jet engine emissions have physicochemical properties similar to diesel exhaust particles, and that exposure to jet engine emissions is associated with similar adverse health effects as exposure to diesel exhaust particles and other traffic emissions.

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Section: Toxicity Of Jet Fuel Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Toxicity Of Jet Fuel Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Toxicity Of Jet Fuel Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of health effects associated with exposure to jet engine emissions in and around airports

et al. 2021

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“…PM 2.5 will penetrate deeper into the alveoli of the lungs than PM 10 . A previous study indicated the inhalation of metals content of brake pad particles such as (Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb, Sb, Zn and Fe) is associated with the following health effects: Cytokine production, cellular stress, radical generating metals toxicity which, in turn, leads to oxidative stress the high capacity to form reactive oxygen species (ROX) which may cause cell and tissues damaging events (7,8). Particulate matter can reduce lung function and cause lung diseases such as emphysema, bronchiectasis, pulmonary fibrosis, and cystic lungs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histological Changes in the Lung and Liver of Mice Treated with Brake Pad Particles

al.¹

2019

Baghdad Sci.J

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In the present study, the effects of brake pad particles of lung and liver histological sections were evaluated for (60) adult male mice. The animals were divided into three groups ( A,B,C) according to the periods of exposure (4, 8, and 12) weeks respectively exposed to brake pad particles in addition to the control groups (F) exposed to fresh air only. A special inhalation chamber designed locally has been used to expose the animals. The exposure to brake pad particles was (2.228) µg/m³ for 30 min/day, 5 days/week for (4,8and12) weeks respectively. The examination in group (A) of the histological sections of the lung showed the thickness of interalveolar septa. Also, a congestion of alveolar capillary was marked indicating pulmonary emphysema. The infiltration of alveolar macrophages showed the engulfed foreign particles (pad particles) within their cytoplasm, and peribronchial fibrosis. Group (B) showed the presence of pad particles (anthracosis), whereas the bronchial tree showed bronchitis with the bronchus-hyperplasia of mucin-producing cells (epithelial hyperplasia). Still another section showed an infiltration of mononuclear leukocytes and focal lobar necrosis. The third group (C), in turn, revealed acute interstitial bronchopneumonia with peribronchial focal necrosis and mild pulmonary edema with alveolar anthracosis. As regards the liver, group (A) showed mild central venous congestion. Group (B), on the other hand, gave acute hepatitis, congestion of the central vein hyaline degeneration and mitotic figure having 2-3 nuclei. Severe congestion of the central vein with vascular amyloid deposition and most of the hepatocytes revealed coagulate necrosis in group (C). These changing tissues increased with increasing the exposure periods and were clearer in group (C) which was exposed for 12 weeks. The continuous exposure to brake pad particles lead to damaging important body organs tissues and effect on human health, these particles can be considered as a type of pollutants added to air pollutants in different cities of Iraq.

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“…Oxidative potential, a measure of the potential for PM to induce the formation of ROS and other oxidative species intercellularly, has been linked to specific PM components, some more toxic than others. These PM species and their associated oxidative potential have been attributed to various sources of particulate emissions in several studies (Decesari et al, 2017; Argyropoulos et al, 2016; Mousavi et al, 2018; Shirmohammadi et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative potential of ambient particulate matter in Beirut during Saharan and Arabian dust events

Lovett

Sowlat

Saliba

et al. 2018

Atmospheric Environment

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In this study, we examine the oxidative potential of airborne particulate matter (PM) in Beirut, Lebanon, as influenced by dust events originating in the Sahara and Arabian deserts. Segregated fine (< 2.5 μm) and coarse (2.5-10 μm) PM samples collected during dust events, as well as during non-dust periods, were analyzed for chemical composition, and the alveolar macrophage (AM) assay was utilized to determine the oxidative potential of both types of samples. We performed Spearman rank-order correlation analysis between individual chemical components and the oxidative potential of PM to examine the impact of the changes in PM chemical composition due to the occurrence of dust events on overall PM oxidative potential. Our findings revealed that the oxidative potential of Beirut's urban PM during non-dust periods was much higher than during dust episodes for fine PM. Our findings also indicated that tracers of tailpipe emissions (i.e., elemental (EC) and organic carbon (OC)), non-tailpipe emissions (i.e., heavy metals including Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb), and secondary organic aerosols (SOA) (i.e., water-soluble organic carbon, WSOC) were significantly associated with the oxidative potential of PM during dust days and non-dust periods. However, the contribution of desert dust aerosols to Beirut's indigenous PM composition did not exacerbate its oxidative potential, as indicated by the negative correlations between the oxidative potential of PM and the concentrations of crustal elements that were enriched during the dust days. This suggests that aerosols generated during Saharan and Arabian dust events pose no additional health risk to the population due to PM-triggered reactive oxygen species formation. These results significantly contribute to our understanding of the effects of desert dust aerosols on the composition and oxidative potential of PM in several countries throughout the entire Middle East region that are impacted by dust events in the Sahara and Arabian deserts.

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Chemical composition and redox activity of PM0.25 near Los Angeles International Airport and comparisons to an urban traffic site

Cited by 32 publications

References 90 publications

A review of health effects associated with exposure to jet engine emissions in and around airports

A review of health effects associated with exposure to jet engine emissions in and around airports

Histological Changes in the Lung and Liver of Mice Treated with Brake Pad Particles

Oxidative potential of ambient particulate matter in Beirut during Saharan and Arabian dust events

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