Chemical composition, antioxidant, antibacterial and cholinesterase inhibitory activities of three Juniperus species

Abstract

The chemical composition, antioxidant, antibacterial and cholinesterase inhibitory activities of three Juniperus species were studied. The contents of total phenolic and 10 phenolic compounds were highest in Juniperus rigida Sieb.et Zucc., of which catechin and cumaric acid were the predominant phenolic compounds, but were lowest in Juniperus sibirica Burgsd. GC-MS analysis showed the highest contents of essential oils were in J. rigida (92.61%), followed by Juniperus formosana Hayata (87.30%) and J. sibirica (84.89%). The a-pinene was the most dominant compound in J. rigida (23.99%) and J. formosana (9.71%), however, it has not been detected in J. sibirica. Ethanol extracts showed the higher radical scavenging capacity in ABTS, FRAP and DPPH assays than essential oils. The essential oils and ethanol extracts of J.sibirica showed the strong antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli. Three Juniperus species showed certain acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitions and J. formosana showed better cholinesterase inhibitory.

Sex‐Related Differences on Chemical Composition, Anatomy, Histochemistry, and Biological Activities of Juniperus rigida

“…[28,30,[34][35][36] However, other studies confirmed this the effect of J. rigida against Gram-negative bacteria. [11,14] Our results support the latter opinions.…”

“…Experiments were carried out according to Zhang et al [11] TRACE1310-ISQLT Ultra System was used. TG-5MS capillary column was used.…”

“…Experiments were carried out according to Zhang et al [11] Chlorogenic acid, catechin, coumaric acid, rutin, hyperoside, ellagic acid, podophyllotoxin, amentoflavone, formononetin, and kaempferide were selected for RP-HPLC. Samples were filtered at 5 mg/mL with 0.22 mm membrane filters.…”

LC-ESI-MS/MS-MRM Profiling of Polyphenols and Antioxidant Activity Evaluation of Junipers of Different Origin

“…Quercetin derivatives (e.g., rutin, isoquercetin, quercitrin) were found to be predominant, reaching concentrations ≥2375.00 ng/mg. Quercetin, apigenin, luteolin and their glucosides, isorhamnetin glucosides, and catechin were previously reported in juniper samples [6,15,17,30,31]. In the study of Sahin Yaglioglu and Eser [32], catechin was found (206.654 µg/g extract), while rutin was found (110.203 µg/g extract) for Juniperus oxycedrus L. subsp.…”

“…The lowest values (indicating the highest activity) were found for J. ashei, J. pinchotii, and J. formosana (49-86 µg DE/mL). Juniperus samples (e.g., J. communis, J. formosana, and J. sibirica ethanolic extracts) were previously reported to be effective radical scavengers with EC 50 21.39-28.55 µg/mL [29,30]. Interestingly, it was observed that juniper ethanol extracts are more effective than essential oils obtained from the corresponding plant materials [30].…”