Chemical composition dependence of morphological and optical properties of Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films deposited by sol–gel sulfurization and Cu2ZnSnS4 thin film solar cell efficiency

Tanaka, Kunihiko; Fukui, Yasuhiro; Moritake, Noriko; Uchiki, Hisao

doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2010.10.031

Cited by 306 publications

(170 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In order to cut the cost, several research groups have tried to prepare CZTS films under non-vacuum conditions. [19][20][21] In this paper, we explored a sol-gel method to prepare CZTS thin films using ethylenediamine (EN) as the chelating agent in the precursor. EN played an important role in the process of preparing stable CZTS sol-gel precursor and fabricating high-quality CZTS films.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical and electrical properties study of sol-gel derived Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films for solar cells

et al. 2014

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The fabrication of environmental-friendly Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films with pure kesterite phase is always a challenge to researchers in the field of solar cells. We introduce a simple non-vacuum sol-gel method to fabricate kesterite CZTS films. Ethylenediamine is used as the chelating agent and stabilizer and plays an important role in preparing stable precursor. X-ray diffraction, Raman and scanning electron microscopy studies suggest that the microstructure and optical properties of CZTS films depend strongly on annealing temperatures. The temperature dependence of conductivity of 500 °C annealed CZTS film shows that the Mott law dominates in the low temperature region and thermionic emission is predominant at high temperatures.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical and electrical properties study of sol-gel derived Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films for solar cells

et al. 2014

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“…Past studies have shown that the ability to control CZTS stoichiometry to be slightly copper-poor and zinc-rich increases the performance of photovoltaics. 35,36 Specically, the best-performing devices have a Cu/Zn atomic ratio of around 1.84 (the ratio of NP5 in Fig. 2 is 1.8) where in stoichiometric CZTS the ratio would be 2 (shaded bars in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxide-induced grain growth in CZTS nanoparticle coatings

Exarhos

Palmes

et al. 2017

RSC Adv.

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An innovative and scalable synthesis approach to the formation of CZTS nanoparticles has been developed using aerosol spray pyrolysis. Surface-ligand-free CZTS nanoparticles with controllable size and composition are synthesized by thermally decomposing an aerosolized precursor mixture of copper, zinc, and tin thiocarbamates. After collection, the particles are dispersed in an organic solvent, coated on soda lime glass, mechanically compacted, and annealed in a low-pressure sulfur atmosphere to form CZTS thin films. The resulting thin film is highly porous and composed of small grains. We have found that growing a thin amorphous oxide layer on the surface of ligand-free Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 (CZTS) nanoparticles substantially enhances uniform grain growth during heat treatment in a sulfur atmosphere. This is achieved by adding a simple annealing step in air after nanoparticle production and before coating. This process consistently results in CZTS films with higher tin content after annealing, suggesting that the presence of an oxide layer around the particles improves the retention of volatile tin sulfide phases, which is then beneficial in respect to grain growth kinetics.

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“…CZTS is thought to be a highly doped semiconductor [28] and it has been reported that the excess carriers result in a blue shift of the energy band gap according to the Moss-Burnstein effect [29,30]. Under Cupoor/Zn-rich conditions, V Cu -and Zn Cu + become the dominant defects in the system [31].…”

Section: Influence Of Reaction Timementioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of reaction conditions on the properties of solution-processed Cu₂ZnSnS₄ nanocrystals

Qu¹,

Zoppi²,

Miles³

et al. 2014

Mater. Res. Express

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Abstract. Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 nanocrystals were fabricated by hot injection of sulphur into a solution of metallic precursors. By careful control of the reaction conditions it was possible to control the elemental composition of the nanocrystals such that they are suitable for earth abundant photovoltaic absorbers. When the reaction temperature increased from 195 o C to 240 o C the energy band gap of the nanocrystals decreased from 1.65 eV to 1.39 eV. This variation is explained by the identification of a mixed wurtzite-kesterite phase at lower reaction temperatures and secondary phase Cu 2 SnS 3 at higher temperatures. Moreover, the existence of wurtzite structure depends critically on the reaction cooling rate. The reaction time was also found to have a strong effect on the nanocrystals which became increasingly copper poor and zinc rich as the reaction evolved. As the reaction time increase from 15 minutes to 60 minutes, the energy band gap increased from

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Chemical composition dependence of morphological and optical properties of Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films deposited by sol–gel sulfurization and Cu2ZnSnS4 thin film solar cell efficiency

Cited by 306 publications

References 21 publications

Optical and electrical properties study of sol-gel derived Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films for solar cells

Optical and electrical properties study of sol-gel derived Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films for solar cells

Oxide-induced grain growth in CZTS nanoparticle coatings

Influence of reaction conditions on the properties of solution-processed Cu₂ZnSnS₄ nanocrystals

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Chemical composition dependence of morphological and optical properties of Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films deposited by sol–gel sulfurization and Cu2ZnSnS4 thin film solar cell efficiency

Cited by 306 publications

References 21 publications

Optical and electrical properties study of sol-gel derived Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films for solar cells

Optical and electrical properties study of sol-gel derived Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films for solar cells

Oxide-induced grain growth in CZTS nanoparticle coatings

Influence of reaction conditions on the properties of solution-processed Cu2ZnSnS4 nanocrystals

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Influence of reaction conditions on the properties of solution-processed Cu₂ZnSnS₄ nanocrystals