Chemical composition of hulled, dehulled and naked oat grains

Abstract

The objective of the work was to evaluate the influence of genetic and mechanical removal of hulls from oat grains on their nutrient content. The studies included three cultivars and six lines of oat grains. In grain samples of hulled (5 samples), dehulled (5 samples) and naked (4 samples) oats, the following components were determined: chemical composition (ash, crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre and its components) and amino acids and fatty acid composition. The grain of naked and dehulled oats contained significantly more crude protein, crude fat and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and considerably less saturated fatty acids and crude fibre than hulled oats. In addition, the dietary fibre composition was more favourable than the naked oats. The coefficients of nutritional values of the protein (total essential amino acids, essential amino acid index and amino acids score) of naked oats were higher than hulled and dehulled oats. In all the tested oat grain samples, lysine was the most limiting amino acid. The study showed that genetic and mechanical reduction of the proportion of hulls in oat grains resulted in a significant decrease in dietary fibre content and a significant increase in nutrient content.

Heterosis and genetic parameters for grain quality in oat segregating populations

“…Negative and high magnitude (below -0.50) correlations were observed between contents of NSC and those of PROT, TF and IF. These negative correlations have been previously reported (Biel et al, 2014;Crestani et al, 2012;Peterson et al, 2005). In addition, the amylose content, a starch component, presented negative correlation with the PROT content (Hang et al, 2007).…”

“…In a previous study on oat cultivars and lines from breeding programs in the United States, Canada and the Netherlands, an average equal to 16.5 g 100 g −1 (Peterson et al, 2005) was found. A lower PROT content (13.7 g 100 g −1 ) was observed for genotypes in Poland (Biel et al, 2014).…”

“…It presents high digestibility and a balanced amino acid composition (Biel et al, 2014;Doehlert et al, 2013;Hawerroth et al, 2013;Klose and Arendt, 2012). For the PROT content, an absence in heterosis gain in both populations was observed (Table 1), which can be an indicative of low combining ability between the parents, possibly due to the presence of similar loci that expresses reduced average performance for the trait, even after genetic recombination.…”

“…This value was a bit lower than the average (67.56 g 100 g −1 ) found in previous reports for oat cultivars in Brazil (Hawerroth et al, 2013). For genotypes in Poland, the average NSC content was equal to 13.7 g 100 g −1 (Biel et al, 2014). Transgressive segregants with NSC higher than the average plus a standard deviation were obtained in both populations.…”

“…Human consumption of oats is becoming a major trend due to its excellent nutritional profile (Ahmad et al, 2014;Butt et al, 2008). Oats has high protein quality, antioxidant components, high lipid contents (especially unsaturated fatty acid) and high fiber rates (Biel et al, 2014;Crestani et al, 2012;Daou and Zhang, 2012;Marshall et al, 2013;Rasane et al, 2013).…”