Chemical Composition of PM10 at Urban Sites in Naples (Italy)

Vaio, Paola Di; Magli, Elisa; Barbato, Francesco; Caliendo, Giuseppe; Cocozziello, Beatrice; Corvino, Angela; Marco, Anna De; Fiorino, Ferdinando; Frecentese, Francesco; Onorati, G.; Saccone, Irene; Santagada, Vincenzo; Soggiu, Maria Eleonora; Severino, Beatrice; Perissutti, Elisa

doi:10.3390/atmos7120163

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The mean concentrations were comparable to other urban sites in Campania (South Italy) such as Naples [27] or to other urban Italian sites [35].…”

Section: Pm 10 Mass Concentrationssupporting

confidence: 68%

“…Quantification was performed following with modifications the multi-element calibration standard method previously reported by us [27]. The range adopted was 5-250 µg/L (seven point calibration); the correlation coefficients (R 2 ) for the calibration curves were all greater than 0.997.…”

Section: Metal Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Precision and accuracy of the analytical method were checked following procedure already reported in literature [27]. Limits of detection (LODs) of metals were in the range of 0.04-0.80 µg/L (Table 1).…”

Section: Metal Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heavy Metals Size Distribution in PM10 and Environmental-Sanitary Risk Analysis in Acerra (Italy)

et al. 2018

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Abstract:The present research has been focused on the evaluation of seasonal changes in mass concentrations and compositions of heavy metals in Particular Matters (PM) 10 collected from a typical urban-industrial site in Acerra, a city located in an area called "triangle of death". No significant (p < 0.05) seasonal variation was evidenced for the PM 10 concentration, but in all the seasons (except for autumn) exceedances of daily concentrations (50 µg m −3 ) were observed. Airborne PM was analyzed for these heavy metals: Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, V and Zn, which represented about 8% of the PM 10 concentrations. None of the metals classified by IARC as carcinogenic in humans (group 1) exceeded on average the annual EU's and Italy's limit. For the mentioned heavy metals the enrichment factors (EnFs) were analyzed and highlighted high enrichment for Cd, Sb, Pb, As, Cu and Zn. Principal component analysis (PCA) for the heavy metals in PM 10 identified oil combustion, vehicle and industrial emissions as major sources. To assess the health risk related to the inhalation to airborne PM 10 metals, we applied the Cancer Risk (CR) and Target Hazard Quotient (THQ). The results showed that the CR was similar for a child and an adult, while the THQ proved to be higher for a child than for an adult. The low PM metals risk in the urban industrial site was in agreement with the ongoing lowering trend of metals in Italy and Europe.

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“…The mean concentrations were comparable to other urban sites in Campania (South Italy) such as Naples [27] or to other urban Italian sites [35].…”

Section: Pm 10 Mass Concentrationssupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Metal Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heavy Metals Size Distribution in PM10 and Environmental-Sanitary Risk Analysis in Acerra (Italy)

et al. 2018

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“…On the PM 10 and PM 2.5 samples monthly collected, chemical analyses were performed for determining the concentrations of organic and inorganic species in both aerosol size filters, focusing on those related to coal combustion, as heavy metals (i.e., As, Cd, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, V, etc. ), Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCBs), Polychlorodibenzodioxins and Polychlorodibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) [36][37][38][39][40][41]. For the depositions, the measurements were carried out with bulk samplers according to UNI EN 15841:2010 and UNI EN 15980:2011 standards.…”

Section: Characterizazion Of the Sampling Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

PM10 and PM2.5 Qualitative Source Apportionment Using Selective Wind Direction Sampling in a Port-Industrial Area in Civitavecchia, Italy

et al. 2020

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The possibility to discriminate between different emission sources and between natural and anthropogenic contributions is a key issue for planning efficient air pollution reduction and mitigation strategies. Moreover, the knowledge of the particulate matter (PM) chemical composition for the different size fractions is recognized as increasingly important, in particular with respect to health effects of exposed population. This study is focused on the characterization of PM10 and PM2.5 main sources located in the Civitavecchia harbor-industrial area (Central Italy), namely a large coal-fired power plant, a natural gas power plant, the harbor area, the vehicular traffic (due to both the local traffic and the highway crossing the area) and small industrial activities. The approach was based on PM10/PM2.5 samples monthly collected for one year and a further relative chemical characterization of organic and inorganic fractions. Wind-select sensors, allowing a selective PM10 and PM2.5 sampling downwind to specific emission sources, were used for the overall sampling. This methodology manages to explain specific emission patterns and to assess the concentration levels of the micro pollutants emitted by local sources and particularly toxic for health. A descriptive statistical analysis of data was performed, also verifying the occurrence of legislative threshold exceedances. Moreover, in order to highlight the contribution of specific sources, the differences in the measured micro pollutants concentrations between wind directions, PM size fractions and sampling sites have been investigated, as well as the seasonal trends of pollutants concentrations. These results allow to highlight that the applied methodology represents a valid support in source apportionment studies.

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“…Different studies published on PM in the city of Naples look mainly at the chemical speciation of the bulk mass of the aerosol in order to identify the possible pollution sources. For example, Di Vaio et al [58] use statistical models and compare chemical characterization and pollution sources at a kerbside and at a background site in Naples. Instead, Riccio et al [59], supplement the traditional source apportionment techniques, based on multivariate factor analysis, with dispersion models, in order to characterize the pollution sources also according to the distance from the receptor site.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Contribution of Biomass Combustion to PM2.5 in the City Centre of Naples (Italy)

et al. 2019

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A better knowledge of the local and regional sources of the atmospheric particulate matter provides policy makers with the proper awareness when acting to improve air quality, in order to protect public health. A source apportionment study of the carbonaceous aerosol in Naples (Italy) is presented here, in order to improve this understanding in a vulnerable urban area. The aim of this study is quantifying directly fossil and non-fossil contributions to carbonaceous aerosol, by means of radiocarbon measurements. This is the first time that such an approach is implemented in this area. Fine particles with diameter ≤ 2.5 µm (PM2.5) were collected daily on top of a building in the city center, from November 2016 until January 2017. The carbonaceous aerosol was separated into organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC), by a two-step thermal desorption method. Subsequent radiocarbon analysis enabled the partitioning of the major sources of carbonaceous aerosol into fossil and non-fossil ones by applying radiocarbon isotopic mass balance. The PM2.5 concentration was on average 29 ± 3 µg⁄m3 (mean ± standard error; n = 18), with a maximum of 68.6 ± 0.7 µg⁄m3 on a day when air masses back-trajectories suggest a local origin and stagnant airflow conditions in the region. The carbonaceous component accounts for roughly half of the PM2.5 mass. Fossil fuel emissions are a minor source of OC (23%), but the dominant source of EC (66%), which is directly emitted during combustion processes. However, overall only 30% of the total carbon is of fossil origin, accounting for 14% of PM2.5 mass. Surprisingly, a comparable contribution is due to primary biomass burning carbon, which accounts in total for 15% of PM2.5 mass. Traffic pollution, the main cause of fossil fuel emissions in urban areas, is a significant, but not the predominant source of carbonaceous particle concentration. These findings support the conclusion of a predominant contribution from non-fossil sources to the carbon in airborne particulate matter, which policy makers should take into account when planning mitigation strategies to improve urban air quality.

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Chemical Composition of PM10 at Urban Sites in Naples (Italy)

Cited by 14 publications

References 36 publications

Heavy Metals Size Distribution in PM10 and Environmental-Sanitary Risk Analysis in Acerra (Italy)

Heavy Metals Size Distribution in PM10 and Environmental-Sanitary Risk Analysis in Acerra (Italy)

PM10 and PM2.5 Qualitative Source Apportionment Using Selective Wind Direction Sampling in a Port-Industrial Area in Civitavecchia, Italy

High Contribution of Biomass Combustion to PM2.5 in the City Centre of Naples (Italy)

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