Chemical Composition of the Essential Oils From Twigs, Leaves, and Cones of Thuja plicata and Its Cultivar Varieties “Fastigiata”, “Kornik,” and “Zebrina”

Abstract

The essential oils from different parts of Thuja plicata and its cultivar varieties "Fastigiata", "Kornik," and "Zebrina" were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC/mass spectrometry. More than 80 compounds were identified. The oils from leaves, twigs with leaves, and twigs without leaves contained mainly α-thujone (52.1%-59.2%), fenchone (10.0%-11.3%), and beyerene (3.7%-9.5%), whereas in the cone oil there were α-thujone (35.6%), sabinene (24.0%), and α-pinene (8.3%). The main constituents of the oils from twigs with leaves of "Fastigiata," "Zebrina," and "Kornik" cultivars were α-thujone (76.2%, 72.5%, and 67.4%, respectively) and β-thujone (7.6%, 6.2%, and 4.9%, respectively). The oils from cultivars contained more thujones and less fenchone and diterpenes in comparison with T. plicata oil.

Gymnosperms of Idaho: Chemical Compositions and Enantiomeric Distributions of Essential Oils of Abies lasiocarpa, Picea engelmannii, Pinus contorta, Pseudotsuga menziesii, and Thuja plicata

“…The essential oils were dominated by α-thujone (72.5–77.8%) and β-thujone (5.2–8.2%), with notable quantities of sabinene (1.4–3.0%) and terpinene-4-ol (2.2–3.1%). The compositions observed are very similar to those previously reported by von Rudloff et al (both coastal and interior populations of western North America) [ 40 ], Nikolić et al (Serbia) [ 25 ], Tsiri et al (Poland) [ 23 ], and Lis et al (Poland) [ 24 ]. That is, the foliar essential oils of T. plicata , regardless of geographical location, have been dominated by α-thujone, with lesser amounts of β-thujone, sabinene, and terpinen-4-ol [ 40 ].…”

“…Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don (western red cedar, Cupressaceae) is a large to very large evergreen tree native to western North America, ranging along the Cascade-Coastal Mountain Ranges from southeastern Alaska to northern California, and inland in the Rocky Mountains from British Columbia to the panhandle of northern Idaho ( Figure 9 ) [ 17 ]. Western red cedar is an important timber-producing tree and has been introduced to other temperate zone locations, including Europe, Great Britain, Australia, and New Zealand [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. The thin, gray-brown bark forms vertical bands of fissures; the branch termini form flat boughs with scale-like leaves; the cones are 10–18 mm long and 4–5 mm wide with overlapping scales ( Figure 10 ).…”

Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from Abies alba and Pinus sylvestris Bark Extracts: Characterization, Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, and Antibacterial Effects

“…Coumaroylquinic acids have been previously identified in the bark of other Pinus species such as Pinus nigra [ 29 ] and Pinus densiflora [ 77 ]. Mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol, menthane-3,8-diol, menth-2-en-1-ol, and cymen-8-ol are volatile monoterpenoids present in the essential oils isolated from various coniferous species [ 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 ]. On the basis of mass spectral data ( Supplementary Table S1 ), previous investigations on MS/MS fragmentation of monoterpene glycosides [ 84 , 85 ], and the KNApSacK database [ 71 ], seven glycosides of the previously mentioned volatile monoterpenoids were tentatively identified in both bark extracts.…”

Beta-caryophyllene enhances wound healing through multiple routes

“…When essential oils are used instead of single chemical compound, there have been challenges to examine their mechanism of action because of the large variances in the percentage each chemical compound present [7] depending on the extraction methods [8], the area of origin including differences in the geographic altitude of the areas [9], seasons the plants were harvested [10], and parts of the plants extracted [11,12]. It is thus important to utilize chemically-pure compounds or chemically-defined extracts as described in some recent studies [13–17].…”