Chemical Composition of Wood

Côté, W. A.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-87928-9_2

Cited by 23 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Cellulose represents 40-44% of most wood and endows wood with many of its unique material properties [1]. At the nanoscale, cellulose is arranged in discrete units known as elementary fibrils, with the inner core of those fibrils being a tightly packed crystalline material and the outer layers being more loosely packed amorphous cellulose.…”

Section: Wood As a Polymeric Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal Degradation of Wood: Emerging Data, New Insights and Changing Perceptions

2020

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Wood durability researchers have long described fungal decay of timber using the starkly simple terms of white, brown and soft rot, along with the less destructive mold and stain fungi. These terms have taken on an almost iconic meaning but are only based upon the outward appearance of the damaged timber. Long-term deterioration studies, as well as the emerging genetic tools, are showing the fallacy of simplifying the decay process into such broad groups. This paper briefly reviews the fundamentals of fungal decay, staining and mold processes, then uses these fundamentals as the basis for a discussion of fungal attack of wood in light of current knowledge about these processes. Biotechnological applications of decay fungi are reviewed, and an overview is presented on how fungi surmount the protective barriers that coatings provide on surfaces. Advances in biochemical analyses have, in some cases, radically altered our perceptions of how wood is degraded, and even the relationships between fungal species, while other new findings have reinforced traditional perspectives. Suggestions for future research needs in the coatings field relative to enhanced fungal and environmental protection are presented.

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Section: Wood As a Polymeric Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal Degradation of Wood: Emerging Data, New Insights and Changing Perceptions

2020

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“…The structure of wood, chemical components (cellulose, hemicelulloses, lignin and extractives) and their relative mass proportion depending on the morphological region, kind of the tree, and age of the wood [ 1 ]. Variation can be found within a single tree from the center of the trunk to the bark, from the trunk to the top, between earlywood and latewood, and between sapwood and heartwood [ 6 ]. According to Fengel and Wegener [ 7 ], earlywood contains more lignin and inversely less cellulose than latewood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical and Morphological Composition of Norway Spruce Wood (Picea abies, L.) in the Dependence of Its Storage

et al. 2021

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Chemical composition and morphological properties of Norway spruce wood and bark were evaluated. The extractives, cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin contents were determined by wet chemistry methods. The dimensional characteristics of the fibers (length and width) were measured by Fiber Tester. The results of the chemical analysis of wood and bark show the differences between the trunk and top part, as well as in the different heights of the trunk and in the cross section of the trunk. The biggest changes were noticed between bark trunk and bark top. The bark top contains 10% more of extractives and 9.5% less of lignin. Fiber length and width depends on the part of the tree, while the average of these properties are larger depending on height. Both wood and bark from the trunk contains a higher content of fines (fibers <0.3 mm) and less content of longer fibers (>0.5 mm) compared to the top. During storage, it reached a decrease of extractives mainly in bark. Wood from the trunk retained very good durability in terms of chemical composition during the storage. In view of the morphological characteristics, it occurred to decrease both average fibers length and width in wood and bark.

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“…Only burning wood significantly releases water vapor into the air when the hydrogen content of the wood binds with atmospheric oxygen. With a hydrogen mass fraction in wood of 6% [Côté 1968], = 0.5362 kg of water are released per 1 kg of burned wood when two moles of hydrogen bind with a mole of oxygen. Consequently, we make use of the relation…”

Section: Smokementioning

confidence: 99%