Chemical compositions and biological activities of the essential oils of Beilschmiedia madang Blume (Lauraceae)

Abstract

The present study aimed to examine the chemical compositions of the essential oils of Beilschmiedia madang and their antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, anticholinesterase and anti-tyrosinase activities. The major constituents of the essential oils of leaf and bark of B. madang were δ-cadinene (17.0 and 20.5 %), β-caryophyllene (10.3 and 6.7 %), α-cubebene (11.3 and 15.6 %), and α-cadinol (5.8 and 10.6 %). The essential oils were screened for their antioxidant activities using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, β-carotene/linoleic acid bleaching, and total phenolic content. The bark oil showed the highest β-carotene/linoleic acid bleaching (90.3 % ± 0.2) and DPPH radical scavenging (IC50 212.0 µg/mL), while the highest phenolic content was exhibited by the leaf oil (94.5 % ± 0.3 mg GA/g). The antibacterial and antifungal activities were investigated by the disc diffusion and micro dilution method. The leaf and bark oils showed moderate activity towards Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value 125 µg/mL. For antifungal assay, the bark oil showed strong activity towards Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus fumigatus with MIC value 62.5 µg/mL. Anticholinesterase and anti-tyrosinase activities were evaluated against Ellman method and mushroom tyrosinase, respectively. The results showed that leaf oil gave significant percentage inhibition (I%: acetylcholinesterase 55.2 %, butyrylcholinesterase 60.4 %, tyrosinase 53.1 %).

Comparative biological activities of extracts from three Malaysian Beilschmiedia species

“…Antimicrobial test were carried out by MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration), MBC (minimum bactericidal concentration) and MFC (minimum fungicidal concentration) by broth micro dilution method using 96-well microplates (14). The inocula of the microbial strains were prepared from 24 h broth cultures and suspensions were adjusted to 0.5 McFarland standard turbidity.…”

“…TPC of the extracts was measured using gallic acid equivalent with minor modifications (14). A sample of stock solution (1.0 mg/mL) was diluted in MeOH to final concentrations of 1000 μg/mL.…”

Beilschglabrines A and B: Two new bioactive phenanthrene alkaloids from the stem bark of Beilschmiedia glabra

“…Both the leaf and bark oils were active against Candida glabrata and Saccharomyces cerevisiae with MIC values of 31.3 and 62.5 μg/mL, respectively. Tyrosinase (leaf 73.7%; bark 76.0%) and acetylcholinesterase (leaf 48.1%; bark 45.2%) inhibitory activities, and anti-inflammatory (leaf 59.7%; bark 48.9%) property were also identified (Salleh et al, 2015).…”

“…The leaves are alternate to opposite, simple, penni-veined and glabrous, while the fruits are rusty brown and fleshy drupes (Nishida, 2008). We have recently reported the chemical composition and biological activity of the leaf and bark oil (Salleh et al, 2015). The leaf and bark oil contained mainly β-eudesmol (15.4-19.3%) and β-selinene (12.2-16.9%).…”

Chemical composition and biological activities of essential oil ofBeilschmiedia pulverulenta

“…near brenesii), B. costaricensis (Mez & Pittier) C.K.Allen, B. erythrophloia Hayata, B. madang Blume, B. miersii (Gay) Kosterm., B. pendula (Sw.) Hemsl., B. tarairie (A.Cunn.) Kirk, and B. tilaranensis Sachiko Nishida (Chaverri & Ciccio, 2010;Kumamoto & Scora, 1970;Salleh et al, 2015;Scora & Scora, 2001;Setzer & Haber, 2007;Su & Ho, 2013). In continuation of our research on the Beilschmiedia species, this is the first report on the chemical compositions and biological activities of the essential oil of Beilschmiedia pulverulenta Kosterm.…”