Chemical Compositions of PM2.5 Emitted from Diesel Trucks and Construction Equipment

Abstract

This study reported the chemical compositions of PM 2.5 for seven kinds of China IV diesel trucks and three kinds of stage II construction equipment. Filter samples were directly collected at the tailpipe with a dilution system. Twenty elements (Al, Si, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Sn, Sb, Ba and Pb), water-soluble ions (WSIs) including NH 4 + , K + , Ca 2+ , Cl − , NO 3 − and SO 4 2− , and carbonaceous species were analyzed and characterized. The uncertainties of these species were also estimated. Overall, the highest proportion of PM 2.5 was contributed by carbonaceous matter (OC and EC), accounting for 46.4 and 38.5% for trucks and construction equipment, respectively. The EC/OC ratios were higher than 1, with lowest in light-duty diesel trucks (LDDTs) as 1.4 ± 0.2 and highest in excavators as 5.1 ± 0.3. Similarities and differences were compared among source profiles using the residual (R)/uncertainty (U) ratios. Also Pearson's correlation coefficients among the chemical compositions were analyzed to determine the relationships between the various chemical components. In addition, the source profiles of diesel trucks and construction equipment in our study were compared with those reported by other studies in recent years from China. Variations were observed in the results due to uncontrolled factors such as operating conditions, fuel quality and sampling measurements. To assess these uncertainties, better knowledge of local source profiles and more elaborate measurements are needed for future research.

Fine Particles Emission Source Profiles for a Semi-Arid Urban Center: Key Markers and Similarity Tests

“…Other noticeable trace elements (0.1-1.0 %) were Sn, Ag, Na, Cl, Fe, and Al. The average abundance of Al was 70 and 97 % lower than those reported by Liu et al (2018b) and Pulong et al (2017), respectively. The average abundance of Fe was 2, 4, and 16 times higher than those reported by Hao et al (2019), Zhang et al (2016), and Cui et al (2017), respectively, whereas it was 80 % lower than that reported by Pulong et al (2017).…”

“…The average abundance of Fe was 2, 4, and 16 times higher than those reported by Hao et al (2019), Zhang et al (2016), and Cui et al (2017), respectively, whereas it was 80 % lower than that reported by Pulong et al (2017). Unlike in the urban transport profile, Ag was not detected in other studies, and the average abundance of EC was 35-40 % lower than those reported for other diesel profiles by Kang et al (2010), Cui et al (2017), Liu et al (2018b), andHao et al (2019). In the course of this study the quality of gasoline and diesel followed Euro IV standards, however, differences in the abundances of some species can also be associated with vehicle maintenance and age (INECC 2019c).…”

Aerosol Oxidative Potential in the Greater Los Angeles Area: Source Apportionment and Associations with Socioeconomic Position

“…The presence of K in this factor can be attributed to the use of K in unleaded fuels and some types of oils . Fossil fuel combustion is also commonly associated with SO 2 emissions, and Ti and Cr can be emitted by diesel vehicles . Overall, vehicular exhaust emissions are the largest contributor to OP v OH , with a contribution of 42% (Figure (a)).…”

Source profiling, source apportionment and cluster transport analysis to identify the sources of PM and the origin of air masses to an industrialised rural area in Limpopo

“…Though the contribution of mining activities to economic development of GTM is well acknowledged, this might be achieved at a significant environmental, health and social costs to the region due to urbanization, high traffic volumes and higher industrial and domestic waste production. can penetrate deeper into the lungs and reach the blood system and it can also impact on visibility and climate change (Chen et al, 2014) The potential of adverse health effects of particulate pollution has triggered extensive research on PM chemical composition and source apportionment in many countries over the past decade (Liu et al, 2018). Understanding the chemical components of PM is crucial to adequately assess the impacts of these chemicals on the receiving environment.…”