Chemical compositions of precipitation at three non-urban sites of Hebei Province, North China: Influence of terrestrial sources on ionic composition

Wu, Yao; Xu, Zhinan; Liu, Wenjing; Жао, Тонг; Zhang, Xuan; Jiang, Hao; Chong, Yu; Zhou, Li; Zhou, Xiaode

doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2016.06.009

Cited by 72 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Relatively high standard deviations of major ion concentrations at all sampling sites indicates great differences in the cation and anion concentrations over the precipitation events (Wu et al 2012), while the lower VWM concentrations of ions than the arithmetic means suggest that lower rainfalls are usually accompanied by higher concentrations (Lü et al 2017). This inverse relationship is probably due to the below-cloud removal process during precipitation events (De Souza et al 2006;Wu et al 2016).…”

Section: Major Ion and Heavy Metal Concentrations Of Rainwatermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To verify the completeness and correctness of precipitation data, ion balance technique was used. The data is generally considered acceptable, if the equivalent ratio of the sum of anions and sum of cations (Σ anions/Σ cations) is around one, with ion imbalances that does not exceed ± 25% (Keene et al 1986;Wu et al 2016). The ionic balance of total anions and cations for the precipitation samples was as follows: 0.75 ± 0.58 at RS, 0.77 ± 0.49 at MN and 0.77 ± 0.58 at BH.…”

Section: Data Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The risk of cross-border pollution and the influence of regional climate on the rainwater chemistry in the Southern Carpathians, Romania

Keresztesi

Niţă

Bîrsan

et al. 2020

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The aim of this study is the assessment of rainwater composition, regarding the various sources of major ions and heavy metals, taking into account the characteristic atmospheric circulations and the main air mass transport routes. Rainwater samples were analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity, major ions, and heavy metals. At all sampling sites, the most abundant anions were SO 4 2ā nd Clˉ, while the dominant cations were Ca 2+ and Mg 2+. Regarding heavy metals, the dominance of Pb and Cd was found. The contribution of soil dust from the mining activities and the dissolution of CaCO 3 , MgCO 3 , and CaSO 4 •2H 2 O in the rainwater explains the high concentrations of Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , and SO 4 2−. The overall precipitation contamination with heavy metals at the three sampling sites was assessed by the degree of contamination, showing that Pb and Cd presents the highest risks of all heavy metals. The values of toxicity potential suggested an elevated risk for human health in case of rainwater ingestion, especially in rural areas. Spearman correlation and PCA indicated that the chemical characteristic of the rainwater is primarily controlled by sources such as agricultural activities, mixed and crustal sources, traffic, and other anthropogenic, industrial influences, mining activities, smelting operations, coal combustion, and metal production.

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Section: Major Ion and Heavy Metal Concentrations Of Rainwatermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Data Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The risk of cross-border pollution and the influence of regional climate on the rainwater chemistry in the Southern Carpathians, Romania

Keresztesi

Niţă

Bîrsan

et al. 2020

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…Hebei Province, home to several of China's top 10 polluted cities, typically is shrouded by heavy smog in winter because low atmospheric pressure, slow winds, and high humidity stop airborne pollutants to disperse. 38,39 According to the MEE, the overall average of air quality composite index (AQCI) for Hebei Province in 2017 was 7.08 (a novel Chinese atmosphere environmental index shown in Supporting Information), Zhangjiakou and Chengde were the only two cities where the air quality were good with the primary pollutant of O 3 and PM 10 , respectively, while the rest were all PM 2.5 (Figure 2). 40 To cope with that, Hebei Province has launched several policies to replace coal with clean energy in household heating including shutting down coal-fire stove companies and limiting coal production ( Table 2).…”

Section: Current Air Quality and Control Polices In Hebei Provincementioning

confidence: 99%

Natural gas and electricity: Two perspective technologies of substituting coal‐burning stoves for rural heating and cooking in Hebei Province of China

Zou

Zhang

et al. 2018

Energy Science & Engineering

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Coal not only powers the household, social and global economy development but also emits large pollutants. Natural gas and electricity can be promising solutions to the energy supply and environmental pollution dilemma in Hebei Province of China. Currently, this coal‐dependent province has launched the Hebei Air Pollution Prevention and Control Program to curb air pollution by replacing residential coal consumption with natural gas and electricity for space heating in winter. Approximately 2.53 million households have completed the switch from coal‐burning stoves to natural gas or electricity stoves in rural areas surrounding Beijing and Tianjin since 2017. However, the contribution of this clean heating replacement on provincial emission reduction remains unclear. This study aimed to determine emission factors, energy efficiency, and economic profits of traditional coal‐burning stoves, as well as cleaner natural gas and electricity stoves by laboratory simulation and field tests. The results indicated a significant reduction after clean replacement for PM2.5, CO, CO2, NOX, SO2, CH4, and 16 types of U.S. EPA priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The emission of PM2.5 can be reduced by 99% and 95% for natural gas and electricity switch. Toxic equivalent quantity value of PAHs was also decreased from 4.89 (coal) to 0.03 (natural gas) and 0.07 μg/MJnet (electricity). When comprehensively considering the upstream pollutants emissions from power plant, natural gas switching performed better than coal‐fired electricity. Moreover, the government supported the clean heating replacement project with extensive financial subsidy for purchasing clean stoves and using clean energy within 3 years in rural areas. A relatively cheaper price on an energy basic of natural gas and electricity use can be obtained after this subsidy compared to coal.

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“…The presence of Pb in rainwater does not come from the Earth's crust and its origin may be related to the enrichment of particles originating from anthropic sources, such as coal combustion, founding and vehicular emissions (Migliavacca, et al, 2012, Wu et al, 2016, Herrera et al, 2009). As to the other metals, Cr> Cu> Cd, a strong (Cr) to extreme (Cu and Cd) enrichment is observed.…”

Section: Rainwatermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The natural process of wet deposition results from the combination of chemical compounds and particles, which are removed by droplets or cloud droplets incorporated during precipitation (Seinfeld and Pandis, 2006;Souza et al 2006;Herrera et al, 2009;Migliavacca et al, 2012). Therefore, rainwater reflects characteristics of the content of soluble gases and the particles of the atmosphere itself (Xiao et al, 2013;Wu et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of a subtropical riparian forest focusing on botanical, meteorological, ecological characterization and chemical analysis of rainwater

et al. 2018

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Riparian forests are heterogeneous environments, in which epiphytes find ideal conditions to develop. These plants absorb the necessary nutrients for survival from the atmosphere, and their occurrence and distribution can be influenced by the quality and quantity of precipitation. The objective of this research was to perform an integrated analysis of botanical, meteorological and chemical precipitation parameters so as to compare them in fragments of the riparian forest in the lower (São Leopoldo-SL) and upper (Caraá-CA) stretches of the Rio dos Sinos Hydrographic Basin (RSHB), RS, Brazil. Rainwater was chemically analyzed, the community structure of epiphytic ferns was surveyed and the ecological characterization was evaluated through the Rapid Habitat Assessment Protocol (RHAP). The results showed that the chemical composition of rainwater is influenced by the environment of each area. In the upper stretch (CA), for instance, the main contribution is that of marine ions, while in the lower stretch (SL), the most impacting aspects are urbanization and industrialization. Similarly, the results depict a reduction of richness and a simplification of the community structure of epiphytic ferns and their environmental quality according to the RHAP categories, towards the base level of the RSHB. The integrated analysis, in which different methods were applied, proved to be an efficient tool to evaluate environmental quality. This analysis considers that a greater number of biotic and abiotic variables may be applied in different scenarios. botânicos, meteorológicos e químicos da precipitação, a fim de compará-los em fragmentos de mata ciliar, nos trechos inferior (São Leopoldo-SL) e superior (Caraá-CA) da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio dos Sinos (BHRS), RS Brasil. Para tal, foram realizadas análises químicas da água de chuva, analisada a estrutura comunitária das samambaias epifíticas e, avaliada a caracterização ecológica, através do Protocolo de Avaliação Rápida de Hábitats (PARH). Os resultados demonstraram que a composição química da água de chuva é influenciada pelo entorno de cada local estudado, sendo que do terço superior (CA), a maior contribuição é de íons de origem marinha, enquanto que, no trecho inferior (SL), a mesma é oriunda da urbanização e industrialização. Da mesma forma, ficou evidenciada a redução da riqueza e simplificação da estrutura comunitária de samambaias epifíticas e de sua qualidade ambiental de acordo com as categorias do PARH, em direção à foz da BHRS. A análise integrada aplicando diferentes métodos foi uma ferramenta eficiente para avaliar a sua qualidade ambiental, pois permite integrar um maior número de variáveis bióticas e abióticas, podendo ser aplicada em diferentes cenários.Palavras-chave: água de chuva, análise ambiental, caracterização ecológica, samambaias epifíticas.

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Chemical compositions of precipitation at three non-urban sites of Hebei Province, North China: Influence of terrestrial sources on ionic composition

Cited by 72 publications

References 55 publications

The risk of cross-border pollution and the influence of regional climate on the rainwater chemistry in the Southern Carpathians, Romania

The risk of cross-border pollution and the influence of regional climate on the rainwater chemistry in the Southern Carpathians, Romania

Natural gas and electricity: Two perspective technologies of substituting coal‐burning stoves for rural heating and cooking in Hebei Province of China

Assessment of a subtropical riparian forest focusing on botanical, meteorological, ecological characterization and chemical analysis of rainwater

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