`Chemical condoms’ for the prevention of HIV infection: evaluation of novel agents against SHIV89.6PDin vitro and in vivo

Weber, Jonathan; Nunn, Andrew; O’Connor, Tim; Jeffries, Don; Kitchen, V. S.; McCormack, Sheena; Stott, Jim; Almond, Neil; Stone, Alan; Darbyshire, Janet

doi:10.1097/00002030-200108170-00014

Cited by 75 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Bourne et al (1999) reported on the topical microbicide PRO 2000, a naphthalene sulfonate polymer, which protects mice against genital herpes infection. The results of a study in macaques suggested that the HIV entry inhibitors dextrin-2-sulfate and PRO 2000 protects against Simian HIV vaginal challenge (Weber et al, 2001). In clinical Phase I and Phase II studies dextrin sulfate gel and PRO 2000 gel formulations were found to be well tolerated, with promising local and systemic safety (Stafford et al, 1997, Van Damme et al, 2000.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro Activity of Polyhydroxycarboxylates against Herpesviruses and Hiv

Meerbach

Neyts

Balzarini

et al. 2001

Antivir Chem Chemother

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The antiviral activity of 17 polyhydroxycarboxylates derived from phenolic compounds was evaluated against herpesviruses and HIV. When present during virus adsorption several of the polymers exhibited potent activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), HSV-2, thymidine kinase deficient HSV-1, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and HIV-1 and HIV-2 at concentrations that were not toxic to the host cells. A close correlation was found between the 50% inhibitory concentrations of the polyhydroxycarboxylates against HCMVinduced cytopathicity, their inhibitory effect on the expression of HCMV-specific immediate early antigens and their inhibitory effects on HCMV adsorption to the cells. The antiviral activity of the phenolic polymers was dependent on the presence of a sufficient number of carboxylic groups. The mechanism of antiviral action of the polyhydroxycarboxylates can thus be ascribed to inhibition of virus adsorption. This type of compound may have potential in a vaginal gel to prevent sexual transmission of HSV and HIV.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro Activity of Polyhydroxycarboxylates against Herpesviruses and Hiv

Meerbach

Neyts

Balzarini

et al. 2001

Antivir Chem Chemother

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“…Microbicides are designed to inhibit virus infection by directly inactivating the virus or interrupting its attachment, entry, or replication [177] . Recent insights into how HIV infiltrates the genital mucosa, initial interactions with immune cells and the role of dendritic cells in transporting the virus to the lymph nodes have suggested numerous potential new targets for microbicides [178,179] .…”

Section: Antimicrobial and Antibacterial Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmonic Nanoparticles and Their Conjugates: Preparation, Optical Properties and Antimicrobial Activity

Capek¹,

Internationals²

2015

JNMS

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To manipulate the size of noble metal particles on a nanometer scale are priority subjects in the field of nanotechnology. So far various approaches have been developed to synthesize noble metal nanoparticles in controlled sizes and dimensions. Among them the colloidal systems become broadly used. These systems can be made up of several very different reactants and solvents: a continuous medium water or alkane, surfactant and precursor(s). In some systems the formation of (sub) nanoparticles is based on the supersaturation of solution by reactants. The existence of the microenvironments gives them a particular ability to modulate the chemical reactivity of the reactants due to their compartmentalization in different microenvironments. The size and shape of noble metal nanoparticles follow the feed composition of reactants in the precursor solution, the reaction conditions and concentration and type of reactants. Surface modification and functionalization is expected to increase the stability of nanoparticles and organize them to the assembly of higher order array conjugates. Various soft and hard templates can be applied to produce noble metal nanoparticles in different shaped nanoreactors. Monodisperse gold nano crystals can grow inside soft templates and the cavities of hard templates by the reduction of metal ions trapped in the cavities. The interesting optical properties of noble metal nanoparticles and their (bio)conjugates results from the strong absorption in the visible spectrum region, so called the surface plasmon absorption. Some noble metal nanoparticles have been studied for their antimicrobial potential and have proven to be antibacterial and antiviral agents.

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“…Macaque challenge experiments provided some data supporting the efficacy of DS gel (15). Two of four rhesus macaques pretreated with vaginally administered DS gel at a concentration of 1% were uninfected following vaginal challenge with SHIV 89.6 pd (10 4 TCID in 0.87 mL given twice 3 hours apart).…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…It is a potent inhibitor of the growth of diverse laboratory strains of HIV-1 in a variety of human cell lines and peripheral blood lymphocytes (13,14), with inhibition of 50% of virus at 2-6 g/mL, as determined by established assays. It has a high selectivity index and is nontoxic in cell culture (15). Although DS has marked anticoagulant activity (16), its large average molecular weight of 20 kd makes systemic absorption across the vaginal mucosa unlikely.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dextrin Sulfate as a Vaginal Microbicide: Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial Including Healthy Female Volunteers and Their Male Partners

Low‐Beer

Gabe

McCormack

et al. 2002

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

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Summary:This randomized, placebo-controlled trial assessed the safety and acceptability of vaginally administered 0.125% dextrin sulfate (DS) gel in sexually active women and their male partners. A single 2-mL dose of study gel was self-administered every night over two 14-day periods separated by a 7-day interval, during which menses was expected to occur. Up to two supplementary doses per 24 hours were provided for use before sexual intercourse. Semistructured interview, colposcopy, and laboratory safety studies were used to assess adverse events. Male partners who agreed to participate in a substudy were exposed to gel through sexual intercourse during the second 14-day exposure period. Seventy-three women (36 DS recipients and 37 placebo recipients) used at least one application of gel, of whom 66 (33 DS recipients and 33 placebo recipients) completed follow-up. Eleven women (5 DS recipients and 6 placebo recipients) reported intermenstrual bleeding during gel use, which in most cases was light and resolved within 24 hours. Ten male partners (4 with DS exposure and 6 with placebo exposure) were enrolled in the study and all completed follow-up. There was no evidence of systemic toxicity or genital epithelial disruption attributable to DS gel.

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`Chemical condoms’ for the prevention of HIV infection: evaluation of novel agents against SHIV89.6PDin vitro and in vivo

Cited by 75 publications

References 18 publications

In vitro Activity of Polyhydroxycarboxylates against Herpesviruses and Hiv

In vitro Activity of Polyhydroxycarboxylates against Herpesviruses and Hiv

Plasmonic Nanoparticles and Their Conjugates: Preparation, Optical Properties and Antimicrobial Activity

Dextrin Sulfate as a Vaginal Microbicide: Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial Including Healthy Female Volunteers and Their Male Partners

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