Chemical constituent influence on ionizing radiation treatment of a wood–plastic composite

Palm, Andrew; Smith, Jennifer L.; Driscoll, Mark; Smith, Leonard; Larsen, L. Scott

doi:10.1016/j.radphyschem.2015.12.009

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Ferreira et al (2014) have found that mechanical (tensile and impact) properties of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)/ piassava fibre 70-30 w/w are improved after e-beam irradiation even at high irradiation dose (200 kGy), maybe because crosslinking is prominent in HDPE. Same observations were made by Palm et al (2015Palm et al ( , 2016 with increases of modulus, ultimate strength and hardness, after irradiation of PE-based wood plastic composites (WPCs) up to 250 kGy. The authors assumed that crosslinking of polyethylene dominated the degradation of cellulosic wood fibres inherent to irradiation, thus explaining the improved mechanical performances of irradiated WPCs.…”

Section: Direct Irradiation Of Natural Fibre Reinforced Compositesmentioning

confidence: 56%

Radiation-induced modifications in natural fibres and their biocomposites: Opportunities for controlled physico-chemical modification pathways?

Moigne¹,

Sonnier²,

Hage³

et al. 2017

Industrial Crops and Products

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Active research is currently being done on the development of efficient surface modifications and functionali-zation of natural fibres aiming to improve biocomposites performances. Electron beam and gamma (γ) radiation treatments have been widely used to treat various lignocellulosic biomass with the aim of improving their accessibility to solvents and reagents for their subsequent chemical modification and processing, or for en-hancing cellulose enzymatic hydrolysis for the production of ethanol and 2nd generation biofuels. The relevance of ionizing radiation treatments for the modification of natural fibres and their biocomposites is addressed in this review. They can indeed generate radicals or functional groups available for grafting functionalized molecules of interest on natural fibres. The effect of ionizing radiations on the structure of lignocellulosic substrates, and more particularly natural fibres, is discussed. The impact of composite and fibre irradiation on biocomposites prop-erties is detailed. The last part of the review presents insights on advantages of radiation-grafting as an in-novative strategy to functionalize natural fibres and improve functional properties of biocomposites. The in-dustrial feasibility and costs of radiation induced modifications are also discussed. Based on literature, it appears that ionizing radiation methods used in suitable and controlled conditions are relevant over other physical and chemical methods developed for the surface modification and functionalization of bio-reinforcements in com-posite applications.

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Section: Direct Irradiation Of Natural Fibre Reinforced Compositesmentioning

confidence: 56%

Radiation-induced modifications in natural fibres and their biocomposites: Opportunities for controlled physico-chemical modification pathways?

Moigne¹,

Sonnier²,

Hage³

et al. 2017

Industrial Crops and Products

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“…The S addition increased hardness with 8% in the case of P cross-linking and with 13% in the case of EB cross-linking. An irradiation dose up to 300 kGy appear to be sufficient to obtain the reinforcement effect and to the extent of cross-linking in the polymeric material [1,8,46].…”

Section: Mechanical Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…If, in the case of P cross-linking is obvious, the presence of S reduces the degree of elasticity and segment mobility of the cured composites. In the case of EB cross-linking, the addition of S does not diminish the strain energy [8,46,47] and does not increase the composite hysteretic behavior [8,47,48]. The composites' tensile strength behavior is presented in Figure 3.…”

Section: Mechanical Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Method to Improve the Characteristics of EPDM Rubber Based Eco-Composites with Electron Beam

et al. 2020

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A natural fiber reinforced composite, belonging to the class of eco composites, based on ethylene-propylene-terpolymer rubber (EPDM) and wood wastes were obtained by electron beam irradiation at 75, 150, 300, and 600 kGy in atmospheric conditions and at room temperature using a linear accelerator of 5.5 MeV. The sawdust (S), in amounts of 5 and 15 phr, respectively, was used to act as a natural filler for the improvement of physical and chemical characteristics. The cross-linking effects were evaluated through sol-gel analysis, mechanical tests, and Fourier Transform Infrared FTIR spectroscopy comparatively with the classic method with dibenzoyl peroxide (P) applied on the same types of samples at high temperature. Gel fraction exhibits values over 98% but, in the case of P cross-linking, is necessary to add more sawdust (15 phr) to obtain the same results as in the case of electron beam (EB) cross-linking (5 phr/300 kGy). Even if the EB cross-linking and sawdust addition have a reinforcement effect on EPDM rubber, the medium irradiation dose of 300 kGy looks to be a limit to which or from which the properties of the composite are improved or deteriorated. The absorption behavior of the eco-composites was studied through water uptake tests.

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“…Since WF is hydrophilic, it is necessary to overcome its incompatibility to hydrophobic thermoplastic resins to improve the mechanical properties of WPCs. Physical treatments such as corona, plasma, and ionizing radiation, and chemical treatments such as esterification and acetylation, have been applied to WF to improve compatibility [4,5]. However, these treatments require large amounts of energy or the production of considerable hazardous waste.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical properties of wood/plastic composites formed using wood flour produced by wet ball-milling under various milling times and drying methods

et al. 2019

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The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanical properties of wood/plastic composites (WPCs) produced using wood flour (WF) prepared by wet ball-milling under various milling times (0-120 min) and drying methods (freeze-or heat drying). The drying method did not affect the particle size distribution, shape, or specific surface area of WF at milling times shorter than 40 min. At milling ≥ 40 min, freeze-dried ball-milled WF (FDWF) had smaller particle sizes and higher specific surface area than heat-dried ball-milled WF (HDWF). The highest tensile strength and modulus of rupture (MOR) were observed in WPCs made from freeze-and heat-dried WF at a milling time of 30 min. At milling time of 30 min, the amount of 100-300 µm FDWF and HDWF was 37% and 36%, respectively. The impact strength of WPCs increased, as the milling time increased. The amount of small freeze-and heat-dried WF particles increased due to an increase in the amount of 17 µm particles and specific surface area with increased milling time. Thus, impact strength of WPCs increased as particle size decreased. At milling times ≤ 60 min, there were no significant differences in mechanical properties between WPCs containing freeze-and heat-dried WF under the condition of this study.

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Chemical constituent influence on ionizing radiation treatment of a wood–plastic composite

Cited by 13 publications

References 16 publications

Radiation-induced modifications in natural fibres and their biocomposites: Opportunities for controlled physico-chemical modification pathways?

Radiation-induced modifications in natural fibres and their biocomposites: Opportunities for controlled physico-chemical modification pathways?

A Method to Improve the Characteristics of EPDM Rubber Based Eco-Composites with Electron Beam

Mechanical properties of wood/plastic composites formed using wood flour produced by wet ball-milling under various milling times and drying methods

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