Chemical Constituents from the Roots of Polygala arillata and Their Anti-Inflammatory Activities

Abstract

A new compound, named arillatanoside E, which was elucidated as 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl presenegenin 28-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 ⟶ 3)-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 ⟶ 4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 ⟶ 2)-(4-O-acetyl)-β-D-fucopyranosyl ester, along with 11 known compounds was isolated from the ethanolic extract of the roots of Polygala arillata. The 11 known compounds were identified as oleanolic acid (2), 3′-E-3,4,5-trimethoxy cinnamoyl-6-benzoyl sucrose (3), trans-ferulic acid (4), trans-feruloyl-glucoside (5), feruloyl-glucoside (6), 2,4,6-trimethoxy-1-O-β-D-glycoside (7), 3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzoic acid (8), monopentadecanoin (9), sinapic acid (10), p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (11), and palmitic acid (12). Among them, seven isolated compounds 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, and 10 exhibited little cytotoxic activity on macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Then, the inhibitory effects of 7 isolates on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages were evaluated. As a result, 3 compounds have significant anti-inflammatory activity, and they were arillatanoside E (1), oleanolic acid (2), and 2,4,6-trimethoxy-1-O-β-D-glycoside (7).

Chemical Constituents with Inhibitory Activity of NO Production from a Wild Edible Mushroom, Russula vinosa Lindbl, May Be Its Nutritional Ingredients

“…Cell culture, CCK-8 cell viability assay, anti-inflammatory activity assay, and statistical analysis were carried out according to the procedure we published [20,21].…”

Ten New Dammarane-Type Saponins with Hypolipidemia Activity from a Functional Herbal Tea—Gynostemma pentaphyllum

“…The sugar parts of compounds 1-5, 8 were obtained using acid hydrolysis and HPLC analysis. This approach was based on methods published in the literature [28]. Each isolated compound (4 mg) was treated with 2 mol/L HCl (2 mL) under reflux conditions at 85 • C for 2 h. Each mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate to afford the aglycone portion, and the aqueous layer was desiccated under reduced pressure.…”

“…The CCK-8 test was used to evaluate the cytotoxic activities of these isolated natural products. The measurements and statistical methods were carried in reference to the literature [28,31].…”

Isolation, Characterization and In Silico Studies of Secondary Metabolites from the Whole Plant of Polygala inexpectata Peşmen & Erik

“…Its effects on the cardiovascular and nervous systems [ 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 ] are well known. It has also been reported to have adjuvant [ 64 , 65 ], anti-inflammatory [ 66 , 67 ], antifungal [ 68 ], antitumor [ 69 ], antinociceptive [ 70 ], and pain-reducing [ 71 ] effects. Last but not least, various studies have demonstrated that it has anxiolytic and sedative-hypnotic [ 72 ] and analgesic [ 73 ] effects.…”