Chemical constituents of Clausena lenis

Abstract

Phytochemical examination of Clausena lenis Drake (Rutaceae), collected in Thailand, led to the isolation of seven coumarins, four furoquinolines, two amides, and one flavonoid glycoside. Four of these compounds, one coumarine derivative named as gravelliferone A (3), two furoquinoline derivatives (kokusagenin A (8) and B (9)) and one amide, clausenalansamide H (13), are reported for the first time. Compound 3 was isolated from the root bark, compound 8 from the stem bark and compounds 9 and 13 from the leaves. The molecular structures of all isolated compounds were established by means of NMR experiments combined with mass spectrometry. Preliminary tests of the lipophilic stem bark extract against various human pathogenic bacteria strains revealed promising effects against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300.

Anti-Neuroinflammatory Components from Clausena lenis Drake

“…The 13 C-NMR and HSQC spectra displayed 19 carbons classified into four methyls, two methylenes (one aliphatic and one olefinic), five methines (one oxygenated aliphatic and four olefinic), and eight quaternary (one ester carbonyl, two aliphatic, and five olefinic, including two oxygenated) carbons. The 1 H and 13 C-NMR data of 3 bore a close resemblance to those of gravelliferone A [ 19 ], except that the methoxyl at C-7 in gravelliferone A was replaced by a hydroxy in 3 , which was supported by the molecular formula of 3 and the chemical shift of C-7 ( δ C 162.4). Therefore, the planar structure of 3 was deduced.…”

“…It has been used as a folk medicine for the treatment of influenza, colds, bronchitis, and malaria. Alkaloids and coumarins are preliminarily verified to be its main constituents [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. During our search for anti-neuroinflammatory components from Clausena and its closely related Murraya species [ 20 , 21 , 22 ], the 95% and 50% ethanol extract of C. lenis showed significant NO inhibition activity in BV-2 microglial cells stimulated by LPS with 73.5% inhibition rate at 80 ug/mL.…”