Chemical Constituents of the Pericarp of Toona Sinensis and Their Chemotaxonomic Significance

Chen, Ying; Wang, Rui; Ji, Chaoying; Liu, Di; Liu, Huan; Wang, Rongshen; Li, wanzhong

doi:10.2139/ssrn.4076652

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“…T sinensis is rich in phytochemicals, such as steroids, polyphenols, alkaloids, tannins, lignans, and flavonoids. 50 Recently, many active compounds have been identified from T sinensis such as kaempferol, ethyl gallate, quercetin, gallic acid, kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucoside, rutin, palmitic acid, catechin, and methyl gallate. 51 Among them, gallic acid causes mitochondrial apoptosis in various cancers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Leaf Extracts of Toona sinensis and Fermented Culture Broths of Antrodia camphorata Synergistically Cause Apoptotic Cell Death in Promyelocytic Leukemia Cells

et al. 2020

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Toona sinensis is a common edible vegetable that is used in certain Chinese dishes and has importance in folk medicine. The leaf extracts of T sinensis possess and exhibit anticancer efficacy against various cancer cell types. In Taiwanese folklore, Antrodia camphorata, also known as “Niu-Cheng-Zi,” is used in traditional medicine to treat various illnesses. Its fruit and mycelium possess various potent antiproliferative properties. Two studies from our group have reported that T sinensis or A camphorata has the ability to cause apoptosis in various cancer cells. Conversely, underlying molecular mechanisms and any beneficial effects remain unknown. This study shows anticancer efficacy for both T sinensis and A camphorata co-treatments that target HL-60 cells. The combination index values indicate that 40 µg/mL of T sinensis and 25 µg/mL of A camphorata as a combined treatment shows a synergetic effect, which reduces HL-60 cell proliferation. Alternately, this treatment exhibited no cytotoxic effects for human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Western blot data showed that T sinensis and A camphorata as a combined treatment result in augmented expression of apoptosis, cytochrome c release, Bcl-2 inhibition, expression of Bax, Fas, and FasL, as well as the cleavage of Bid in HL-60 cells. Moreover, this combined treatment overshadowed monotherapy in its ability to inhibit uPAR, MMP-9, MMP-2, COX-2 expression, and PGE2 secretions. Our study strongly implies that this combined treatment offers more beneficial effects to suppress and treat leukemia due to apoptosis-mediated cell inhibition. Further in vivo studies related to the combined treatment could establish its future potential.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%