Chemical Design of Organic Interface Modifiers for Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

Abstract

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have demonstrated rapid progress in their power conversion efficiencies (PCEs)—from 3.8% in 2009 to 25.7% in 2022—and they have received considerable attention as a promising future photovoltaic (PV) technology. However, the operational stability of PSCs is still inadequate to satisfy the standards for commercial applications. Interface engineering has become one of the most important strategies to push PSCs’ efficiency and stability for practical use. Among the various interface engineering approaches, organic interface modifiers (OIMs) have been frequently used by the PSC field to address the issues limiting PSC stability at high efficiency levels. In this perspective, the chemical structures of state‐of‐the‐art OIMs are discussed, and their characteristics are reviewed, as well as the impact on device performance associated with key device interfaces (e.g., metal oxide/perovskite and organic transport layer/perovskite interfaces) from a chemical and materials engineering point of view is discussed. Design considerations and the authors' perspective are discussed, on the basis of representative literature examples, for building new, customized organic OIMs to further improve PSC efficiency and stability toward commercialization.

Cross-linking strategies for efficient and highly stable perovskite solar cells

“…51,52 In reality, the organic molecules with different functionalities have been widely involved in the second and third methods, showing great potential to boost the device performance and stability. 53…”

Recent Advances in Carbon Nanotube Utilization in Perovskite Solar Cells: A Review

“…Vapors, hanging bonds, and a misalignment of energy levels are common issues seen at these interfaces. Because of these defects, PSCs may degrade irreversibly, have J-V hysteresis, and have a poor solar performance [169,170]. To improve the charge transmission and decrease interfacial recombination, perovskite materials and HTLs or electrodes often use interlayers [171,172].…”

Recent advances of carbon nanotubes in perovskite solar cells

“…These interfaces usually possess many issues, such as the vacancy, dangling bond, as well as energy level misalignment, which can cause low photovoltaic performance, J-V hysteresis, and/or irreversible degradation of PSCs. [144][145][146] Interlayers are usually employed between perovskite and HTLs or electrodes to facilitate charge transport and suppress interfacial recombination. 147,148 Moreover, the interlayer can dramatically enhance stability, which is helpful for commercial applications of PSCs.…”