Chemical Diversity of Volatiles of Teucrium orientale L. var. orientale, var. puberulens, and var. glabrescens Determined by Simultaneous GC‐FID and GC/MS Techniques

Abstract

In the present work, three varieties of Teucrium orientale, var. orientale, var. puberulens, and var. glabrescens, were collected and investigated for chemical composition of the oils. Subsequent gas chromatography (GC-FID) and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS) revealed high abundance of sesquiterpenes in the essential oils analyzed. All the oils contained β-caryophyllene (22.6, 8.5, and 6.3%, resp.) and hexadecanoic acid (7.9, 12.8, and 13.1%). Germacrene D (24.6 and 33.4%) and bicyclogermacrene (6.7 and 8.5%) were found to be the main constituents of var. orientale and var. puberulens, respectively. The high percentages of β-cubebene (26.9%), α-cubebene (9.0%), and α-copaene (7.2%) established the diversity of var. glabrescens. The qualitative difference between the essential oils allowed the differentiation between the varieties in agreement with the morphological observations described in Flora of Turkey for each variety studied. In addition, a cluster analysis of twelve Teucrium taxa based on the essential-oil composition has been carried out. Hovewer, the analysis did not clearly reflect the infrageneric classification of the genus, it largely confirmed the relationships between the infraspecific taxa of Teucrium orientale and T. chamaedrys.

Biological Activity and Characterization of Volatile Compounds ofTeucrium orientaleVar.glabrescensby SPME and GC-FID/MS

“…Ozek et al . () reported the presence of 67 compounds representing 96.8% of the oil detected, with a particularly high level of sesquiterpenes (78.7%), in Teucrium orientale L. var. glabrescens .…”

Anti-inflammatory and anti-aging potential of extracts and constituents from Teucrium lucidum L. aerial parts

“…Isolated compounds identified in T. lucidum extract are presented in figure 5. The 1 H-NMR spectra highlighted one major compound: it corresponds to Troponin, a neo-clerodane diterpene already identified in an ethanolic extract of aerial parts of T. japonicum [56] , referred to as compound 36. This compound could not be quantified by external standard calibration, and its bioactivities were not assessed as the standard was not available.…”

“…Among them, one molecule is characterised by m/z 377.1219 [M+H] + and m/z 375.2746 [M-H] -and is therefore consistent with the formula C19H20O8.The two other compounds also observed in positive mode are characterised by m/z 361.1271 (ESI+) and m/z 359.1128 (ESI-). They could correspond to isomers characterised by the MF C19H20O7.The 1 H-NMR spectra highlighted one major compound: it corresponds to Troponin, a neo-clerodane diterpene already identified in an ethanolic extract of aerial parts of T. japonicum[56] , referred to as compound 36. This compound could not be quantified by external standard calibration, and its bioactivities were not assessed as the standard was not available.The major compound of fraction TL_FR4, eluting at 42 min in HPLC-DAD-ELSD, is characterised by a protonated molecule at m/z 329 [M+H]+ and a fragment at m/z 311 [M+H-H 2 O]+.…”

Phytochemical Composition and Pharmacological Activities of Teucrium polium L. Collected from Eastern Turkey

“…%; calculated from the FID chromatograms. RRI b : RRI from literature (c [ 63 ], d [ 64 ], e [ 65 ], f [ 23 ], g [ 66 ], h [ 67 ], k [ 68 ]) for polar column values; tr; Trace (<0.1 %). Identification method (IM): t R , identification based on the retention times (t R ) of genuine compounds on the HP Innowax column; MS, identified on the basis of computer matching of the mass spectra with those of the in-house Baser Library of Essential Oil Constituents, Adams, MassFinder and Wiley libraries and comparison with literature data.…”

“…However, recent experiments have shown that these compounds may also have toxic effects [19]. Considering the diversity of major compounds, the essential oil composition of Teucrium was primarily characterized with mono and sesquiterpenes such as α-pinene, β-pinene, caryophyllene oxide, β-caryophyllene, germacrene D, and bicyclogermacrene [20][21][22][23].…”