Chemical Effects and Predictive Factors in Premature Birth

Abstract

Premature birth is considered to be the consequence of independent alterations in the cervix and in the uterus. During labor, for full-term birth, as well as for premature birth, the cervix changes, from firm, long and closed, to soft and pliable, through a biochemical process characterized by the reshaping of the extracellular matrix and a growth of the tissue concentration of inflammatory mediators; the uterus proves an increase in contractility and sensitivity to endogenic hormones, such as oxytocin. Premature labor is associated with the premature activation of the release of cytokines in the decidua (mucosa lining uterus walls) and cervix. Interleukins IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8 and the alpha tumoral necrosis factor increase the production and activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1, MMP-3 and MMP-9) and of cathepsin S, which digests the collagen from the extracellular matrix of the cervix, causing the wiping and softening of the cervix. These cytokines are released by leukocytes in the myometer, leading to the production of prostaglandins and oxytocin, which stimulate uterine contractions. Therefore, the cervical shortening represented by ultrasound is believed to represent premature cervical softening. The obstetrical approach of aspects related to premature birth are based, considerably, on the prognosis expected by the obstetrician regarding the survival of the premature new-born baby, as well as the therapeutic variants to be followed. And not only survival is important, of equal importance is also the quality of life of underweight, immature new-born babies, who are considerably affected both physically, and intellectually.

Determining an Umbilical Cord pH Cutoff Value for Predicting Neonatal Morbidity Related to Intrapartum Hypoxia

“…As in the prediction of premature labor, where we can not rely on a single biomarker [21] and here we can not rely entirely on umbilical cord pH to detect intrapartum asphyxia and prediction. And last but not least, the tendencies to permanently monitoring fetal distress and other maternal-fetal parameters through the development of intelligent sensors and textiles [22,23], as well as in our country, should be mentioned [24].…”

Chemical Liaison Between Diabetes and Hypertension, Depression and Socio-economic Deprivation Impact in Both

“…The improvement of these parameters depends very much on the health policies and the practice of each state [33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41].…”

Correlations of the Mechanisms Involved in Diabetes Mellitus, Peripheral Arterial Disease and Gangrene Leading to Amputations-a Retrospective Study Over the Non-traumatic Amputations Performed in the Emergency Clinical County Hospital of Arad Between 2014- 2018

“…Revascularization attempts can often be difficult [35]. Here is how the perception of a problem can be changed by the angle of view from which we look [36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44]. This study emphasised the connection between them in terms of pathophysiological mechanisms and severity of complications, both having a huge impact as DALYs contributors, shortening life expectancy and dramatically decreasing the quality of life.…”