Chemical equilibrium of ion exchange in the binary mixture Cu2+ and Ca2+ in calcium alginate

Abstract

Biopolymer alginate is capable of triggering interchain interactions in the presence of divalent and trivalent cations. Calcium alginate particles obtained by the emulsification method have been used in ion-exchange packed bed tests to remove synthetic copper effluents. Adsorption equilibrium data were obtained from single and binary component systems, which were subsequently subject to mathematical modeling. In the case of the modeling system with binary components, where the calcium was considered as a second ion, there was no significant improvement for the models analyzed, in counterpoise to the isotherm models applied to the single component system. The ideal law of mass action and the law of mass action which presupposed that both phases were non-ideal showed similar results. This process was found to be effective and feasible for industrial applications used to in heavy metal removal processes.

Biodiesel Production by Heterogeneous Catalysis and Eco‐friendly Routes

“…Flexible scale-up is achieved in serial or parallel microdevices (numbering up), although this requires substantial investment costs [24][25][26]. Microdevices can be produced by numerous 3D printing techniques (photolithography, soft lithography, moulding microfabrication, and laser ablation) using a range of suitable materials (glass, polymers, metals, and ceramics) [265,[275][276][277][278]. For example, Billo et al constructed a microplant capable of producing 2.8 L min -1 of biodiesel [279].…”

Alginate and Sericin: Environmental and Pharmaceutical Applications

“…Concerning alginate particles, the preparation method of calcium alginate particles also interferes with their physical properties, such as the porosity, volume of water, sphericity, and elasticity [31]. Methods such as atomization [32], emulsification [31], and dripping [33] are also employed. Calcium cross-linking of alginates can be performed by mainly two methods: diffusion method and internal setting method.…”

Novel high capacity model for copper binary ion exchange on e-waste derived adsorbent resin

“…Some studies have focused on adsorbents that remove heavy metals as they act as ion exchangers das Gracas et al, 2015; [11] in addition to synthetic ion exchangers [14]. Some examples of adsorbents and resins used for copper removal are biochars [15,16], bone char [17][18][19], natural ion exchange materials, such as peat [20,21], calcium alginate [22], activated bamboo [23], aminated MCM-41 [24], pyrolysed tyre char [25], iron nanocomposites [26], hydrogels (Ozay et al, 2020), CNT-dendrimers [27], magnetic adsorbents [28] and synthetic resins such as, imino-diacetate resin [29,30] and Lewatit Monoplus [31].…”