Chemical fingerprinting of unevaporated automotive gasoline samples

Sandercock, P. Mark L.; Pasquier, E. Du

doi:10.1016/s0379-0738(03)00081-1

Cited by 108 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…An important aspect of the investigation is the determination of the presence of an ignitable liquid (IL) in the fire debris. In most cases involving arson, a petroleum-based IL (most often gasoline) [27,28] is used because these are inexpensive and readily available [29]. The fluids are mixtures that may easily contain hundreds of individual compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automated optimization and construction of chemometric models based on highly variable raw chromatographic data

Sinkov

Johnston

Sandercock

et al. 2011

Analytica Chimica Acta

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automated optimization and construction of chemometric models based on highly variable raw chromatographic data

Sinkov

Johnston

Sandercock

et al. 2011

Analytica Chimica Acta

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“…The stock samples are then weathered by means of evaporation, diluted and ampuled to create several levels of weathered standards. Previous research has demonstrated that samples of gasoline obtained from different refineries and/or service stations may have slightly different profiles, allowing the samples to be distinguished from one another [36]. Therefore, it is possible that the unweathered and weathered mineral spirits standards analyzed herein did not originate from the same stock sample, and this could account for the atypical weathering patterns observed as a result of potentially differing profiles for the original stock standards used to prepare the subsequent weathered standards.…”

Section: Gc-tofms and Gc×gc-tofms Analysismentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Therefore, it is possible that the unweathered and weathered mineral spirits standards analyzed herein did not originate from the same stock sample, and this could account for the atypical weathering patterns observed as a result of potentially differing profiles for the original stock standards used to prepare the subsequent weathered standards. [36]. Therefore, it is possible that the unweathered and weathered mineral spirits standards analyzed herein did not originate from the same stock sample, and this could account for the atypical weathering patterns observed as a result of potentially differing profiles for the original stock standards used to prepare the subsequent weathered standards.…”

Section: Gc-tofms and Gc×gc-tofms Analysismentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Petroleum-based ignitable liquids are composed of hundreds of compounds having different chemical and physical properties. Throughout the course of a fire and during firefighting efforts, these compounds will be consumed or otherwise weathered at an unpredictable rate, often leaving behind only trace quantities or residues of the original fuel [9,10]. Furthermore, ignitable liquid residues are susceptible to microbial degradation; this is problematic when extensive case backlogs prevent immediate analysis, and fire debris evidence must be stored at room temperature for extended periods [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Achieving a Near-Theoretical Maximum in Peak Capacity Gain for the Forensic Analysis of Ignitable Liquids Using GC×GC-TOFMS

2016

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At present, gas chromatography-quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-qMS) is considered the gold standard amongst analytical techniques for fire debris analysis in forensic laboratories worldwide, specifically for the detection and classification of ignitable liquids. Due to the highly complex and unpredictable nature of fire debris, traditional one-dimensional GC-qMS often produces chromatograms that display an unresolved complex mixture containing only trace levels of the ignitable liquid among numerous background pyrolysis products that interfere with pattern recognition necessary to verify the presence and identification of the ignitable liquid. To combat these challenges, this study presents a method optimized to achieve a near-theoretical maximum in peak capacity gain using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) for the forensic analysis of petroleum-based ignitable liquids. An overall peak capacity gain of~9.3 was achieved, which is only~17% below the system's theoretical maximum of~11.2. In addition, through the preservation of efficient separation in the first dimension and optimal stationary phase selection in the second dimension, the presented method demonstrated improved resolution, enhanced sensitivity, increased peak detectability and structured chromatograms well-suited for the rapid classification of ignitable liquids. As a result, the method generated extremely detailed fingerprints of petroleum-based ignitable liquids including gasoline, kerosene, mineral spirits and diesel fuel. The resultant data was also shown to be amenable to chromatographic alignment and multivariate statistical analysis for future evaluation of chemometric models for the rapid, objective and automated classification of ignitable liquids in fire debris extracts.

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“…However, the total aromatic content of pyrolysis oils can be out of the range of this method (7-42 m/m%). Alternative method can be the Fourier transformation infrared spectrometry (FTIR) (Khanmohammadi et al 2013), or gas chromatograph coupled with mass spectrometer (GC-MS) (Sandercock, Du Pasquier, 2003). However, the detection limits, especially the too high level of analyte to be determined can be a problem also in the case of these alternatives.…”

Section: Analytical Chemical Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Looking Behind the Process of Pyrolysis in Waste Management: Questions on the Composition and Quality of End-Product and Their Answers by Meas of Analytical Chemistry

Lányi¹,

Molnár²,

Vano³

et al. 2014

HAE

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Recycling technologies gained increased importance in the past decades, since environmental issues and the questions of depleting natural resources. Wastes may be considered as resources of valuable secondary raw materials. This literature review aims at compiling the information available on questions arising from the differences between the chemical composition of traditional fuels and chemical industrial raw materials, together with the analytical chemical methods being able to answer these questions. Issues of technical optimisation, the composition of end-products, and their dependence on the technical parameters of pyrolysis will also be discussed.

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Chemical fingerprinting of unevaporated automotive gasoline samples

Cited by 108 publications

References 36 publications

Automated optimization and construction of chemometric models based on highly variable raw chromatographic data

Automated optimization and construction of chemometric models based on highly variable raw chromatographic data

Achieving a Near-Theoretical Maximum in Peak Capacity Gain for the Forensic Analysis of Ignitable Liquids Using GC×GC-TOFMS

Looking Behind the Process of Pyrolysis in Waste Management: Questions on the Composition and Quality of End-Product and Their Answers by Meas of Analytical Chemistry

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