Chemical functionalization of graphene and its applications

Kuila, Tapas; Bose, Saswata; Mishra, Anupam; Khanra, Partha; Kim, Nam Hoon; Lee, Joong Hee

doi:10.1016/j.pmatsci.2012.03.002

Cited by 1,710 publications

(1,096 citation statements)

References 207 publications

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“…Once their basic properties have been identified, the next main concern is their potential application. They are potential candidates for promising applications in various areas ranging from novel structural materials and field emission devices, to pharmaceutical drugdelivery vectors and also bio-sensing [1][2][3][4][5]. All these applications require some form of surface modification, which explains the great effort that has recently been devoted to such investigations [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface modification of graphene and graphite by nitrogen plasma: Determination of chemical state alterations and assignments by quantitative X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Bertóti

Mohai

László

2015

Carbon

190

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Multilayer graphene (MLGR) and its bulk analog, highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), were treated by radio frequency activated low pressure N 2 gas plasma (at negative bias 0 - pyrrole-and triazine-type at 399.7 eV and N substituting C in graphite-like network at 400.9 eV) were determined from high-resolution N1s spectral region for all samples. Pyridine and pyrrole-triazine components increase preferentially with increasing bias. Alterations of the C1s and O1s spectra are discussed in a critical approach. The amount of reacted carbon was consistent with that required for the three different nitrogen and oxygen states, thus validating the proposed assignments.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface modification of graphene and graphite by nitrogen plasma: Determination of chemical state alterations and assignments by quantitative X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Bertóti

Mohai

László

2015

Carbon

190

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“…This is usually accompanied with limited reinforcing effect. Nevertheless, the compatibilization strategies between fillers and PP include the addition of polymeric compatibilizers [12,[14][15][16] and the pre-treatment of fillers with coupling agents [27][28][29][30][31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal, viscoelastic and mechanical behavior of polypropylene with synthetic boehmite alumina nanoparticles

Pedrazzoli¹,

Khumalo²,

Karger‐Kocsis³

et al. 2014

Polymer Testing

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Effects of nanofiller concentration and surface treatments on the morphology, thermal, viscoelastic and mechanical behaviors of polypropylene copolymer (PP)/boehmite alumina (BA) nanocomposites were investigated. Both untreated and treated BA particles with octylsilane (OS) and with sulphonic acid compound (OS2) were added up to 10 wt% to produce nanocomposites by melt mixing followed by film blow molding and hot pressing. Dispersion of BA was studied by scanning electron microscopy. Differential scanning calorimetry and wide-angle X-ray scattering were adopted to detect changes in the crystalline structure of PP. Thermooxidative degradation of the nanocomposites was assessed by thermogravimetrical analysis. Dynamic mechanical analysis served for studying the viscoelastic, whereas quasi-static tensile, creep and Elmendorf tear tests were used to detect changes in the mechanical performance. BA nanoparticles were finely dispersed in PP up to 10 wt%, even when they were not surface modified. The resistance to thermal degradation was markedly improved by BA nanomodification. Changes observed in the mechanical properties were attributed to BA dispersion, filler/matrix interactions and related effects because the crystalline characteristics of the PP matrix practically did not change with BA modification.

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“…Additionally, the chemical modification process is quite complicated and thus hampering the control over the reproducibility and reliability regarding the property and structure of obtained graphene materials. 23,25 With those in mind, stable incorporation of hydrophilic polymer onto GO by noncovalent interaction may be a better choice in terms of the fewer detriments to graphene surface. 15,29 In the current study, we developed a graphene-based delivery nanosystem by simultaneously integrating biocompatible naphthalene-terminated PEG (NP) and anticancer drugs including DOX and curcumin, onto oxidized graphene (GO) through noncovalent self-assembly strategy (Scheme 1).…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene-Based Anticancer Nanosystem and Its Biosafety Evaluation Using a Zebrafish Model

et al. 2013

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In this paper, a facile strategy to develop graphenebased delivery nanosystems for effective drug loading and sustained drug release was proposed and validated. Specifically, biocompatible naphthalene-terminated PEG (NP) and anticancer drugs (curcumin or doxorubicin (DOX)) were simultaneously integrated onto oxidized graphene (GO), leading to selfassembled, nanosized complexes. It was found that the oxidation degree of GO had a significant impact on the drug-loading efficiency and the structural stability of nanosystems. Interestingly, the nanoassemblies resulted in more effective cellular entry of DOX in comparison with free DOX or DOX-loaded PEGpolyester micelles at equivalent DOX dose, as demonstrated by confocal microscopy studies. Moreover, the nanoassemblies not only exhibited a sustained drug release pattern without an initial burst release, but also significantly improved the stability of formulations which were resistant to drug leaking even in the presence of strong surfactants such as aromatic sodium benzenesulfonate (SBen) and aliphatic sodium dodecylsulfonate (SDS). In addition, the nanoassemblies without DOX loading showed negligible in vitro cytotoxicity, whereas DOX-loaded counterparts led to considerable toxicity against HeLa cells. The DOX-mediated cytotoxicity of the graphene-based formulation was around 20 folds lower than that of free DOX, most likely due to the slow DOX release from complexes. A zebrafish model was established to assess the in vivo safety profile of curcumin-loaded nanosystems. The results showed they were able to excrete from the zebrafish body rapidly and had nearly no influence on the zebrafish upgrowth. Those encouraging results may prompt the advance of graphene-based nanotherapeutics for biomedical applications.

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Chemical functionalization of graphene and its applications

Cited by 1,710 publications

References 207 publications

Surface modification of graphene and graphite by nitrogen plasma: Determination of chemical state alterations and assignments by quantitative X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Surface modification of graphene and graphite by nitrogen plasma: Determination of chemical state alterations and assignments by quantitative X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Thermal, viscoelastic and mechanical behavior of polypropylene with synthetic boehmite alumina nanoparticles

Graphene-Based Anticancer Nanosystem and Its Biosafety Evaluation Using a Zebrafish Model

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