Chemical Interaction, Conductivity and Thermal Properties of Kappa Carrageenan Based Polymer Electrolytes

Abstract

With the growth of green technology, the usage of biopolymer becomes important. The potential of kappa carrageenan as a host polymer consisting of different concentration of acetic acid was investigated in this study. The polymer electrolyte of kappa carrageenan was prepared by solution-casting technique. The attenuated reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy showed there are shifting of wavenumber that represents hydroxyl, sulphate and ether stretching which confirmed the formation of polymer- acetic acid complex. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) showed the highest conductivity achieved was 4.48 ×10-7 S cm−1 for kappa carrageenan incorporated with 5% acetic acid at room temperature and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that polymer electrolyte based on kappa carrageenan exhibited good thermal stability with a decomposition temperature higher than 200 °C. These indicate that kappa carrageenan display good thermal and conductivity properties which can be applied as a host polymer for solid polymer electrolyte application.

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“…When the electric field was subjected to the solid polymer electrolyte, the cations will transfer to the coordinating sites. It will transfer from one coordinated site to another in the same polymer chain or its neighbor due to the weak coordination of cations and the site along the polymer chain [32, 33]. The transportation of cations through the sites was also assisted by the segmental motion of polymer chain [13].…”

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“…1b). 17,18 It has long been known to have interactions at the nexus of the nervous and immune systems, primarily in stimulating nociceptors and inducing hyperalgesia (increased sensitivity to pain stimuli) in rat models. 19,20 Principally, this phenomenon is used to generate edemas for clinical trials, demonstrating a unique set of interactions with dopaminergic signaling, according to several studies.…”