Chemical modification of wool in aprotic swelling media

Abstract

SynopsisA limited number of polar, nonhydroxylic organic liquids are suitable swelling media for chemical modification of wool. An effective medium for acylating-type internal modification should have low molecular weight, should lack active hydrogen atoms, be highly polar, swell wool fibers, have a high boiling point, and exert a catalytic effect. Rates of modification by phenyl isocyanate, myristoyl chloride, and dodecenylsuccinic anhydride in different media decrease in the order dimethyl sulfoxide >dimethylformamide > 1 -methyl-2-pyrrolidinone>4-butyrolact~ne. Nevertheless, equal maximum uptake of a given reagent in these varied media is evidence of internal chemical modification. Further examples of modifying reagents are phenyl isothiocyanate, benzyl chlorides, and a-haloketones. Supercontraction and single-fiber stress-strain data indicate crosslinking by bifunctional isocyanates and acid chlorides.

Structural analysis of alpha-helical proteins from wool using cysteine labelling and mass spectrometry

“…The phosphine family of reductants includes tributylphosphine (TBP) and tris(2-carboxyethyl) phosphine (TCEP). TBP was not used as the reductant, as it must be added to the reaction via a solvent, such as DMSO which would swell the fibre [13], and compromise subsequent structural analyses. While TCEP is water-soluble it is thought that the phosphine reducing agent may not neutralise excess modification label, which is crucial to the labelling strategy used in this work.…”

Cupric Acetate Treatment for Shrinkage-Resistance of Wool

“…The data suggest that the treatment is an internal chemical modification of wool rather than an external deposit. The overall data on weight gains, which have an upper limit, aL9o support the picture of wool modification rather than surface deposits [4].…”

Synthesis of graft terpolymers by addition reaction of amino‐terminated polyether to poly(methacrylate)s bearing five‐membered cyclic dithiocarbonate moieties and application of the graft terpolymers as modifiers for wool

“…Wool is a widely used fiber for textiles by their warmness,1 hygroscopicity,2 softness,3 dye affinity,4 and flame resistance 5. The major disadvantages of wool are felting and shrinking by washing, and many antishrinking modifications have been developed 6–9. Modification with polymers such as chlorinated polyamides,10–12 multifunctional epoxides,13 and isocyanate‐terminated polyurethanes14 is an effective antishrinking treatment.…”

“…5 The major disadvantages of wool are felting and shrinking by washing, and many antishrinking modifications have been developed. [6][7][8][9] Modification with polymers such as chlorinated polyamides, [10][11][12] multifunctional epoxides, 13 and isocyanate-terminated polyurethanes 14 is an effective antishrinking treatment. However, chlorinated polyamides and multifunctional epoxides deteriorate the evenness of dyeing.…”