Chemical profile and in vivo toxicity evaluation of unripe Citrus aurantifolia essential oil

Adokoh, Christian K.; Asante, Du-Bois; Acheampong, Desmond Omane; Kotsuchibashi, Yohei; Armah, Francis Ackah; Sirikyi, Ignatius H.; Kimura, Keisuke; Gmakame, Edward; Abdul-Rauf, Sey

doi:10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.06.020

Cited by 29 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Terpenoids (such as carvone) have more antibacterial properties than terpenes, since terpenoids have functional group like hydroxyl which can scatter electrons, and so, promotes antimicrobial properties. Carvone and gama-terpinene belong to terpenes group with slight antimicrobial properties [[28], [29], [30], [31]]. A number of EO compounds which do not have health-risk have been registered by the European Commission for use as flavors in foods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the acute and sub-acute toxicity of the black caraway seed essential oil in Wistar rats

et al. 2019

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the acute and sub-acute toxicity of the black caraway seed essential oil in Wistar rats

et al. 2019

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“…Measurement of haematological biomarker thresholds forecasts the level of toxicity of the substance [ 22 , 24 ]. Moreover, haematological indicators in animal models are crucial for assessing toxicity concerns.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro and In Vivo Toxicological Evaluation of Avicennia africana P: Beauv. (Avicenniaceae) Leaf Extract in a Rat Model

Ahmed

Ameyaw

Armah

et al. 2022

Journal of Toxicology

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Avicennia africana is an important ethnomedicinal plant that has long been used to treat malaria and several other diseases. Despite the plant’s antimalarial and other therapeutic properties, there is limited evidence-based data on its potential toxicity. Hence, the purpose of the current study was to assess the safety of A. africana leaf ethanolic extract (AAE). The study was designed to ascertain the cytotoxic effects of the crude extract on red blood cells (RBCs) as well as the acute and subacute toxicity in Wistar albino rats in accordance with Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guidelines “Test No. 423” and CPMW/SWP/1042/99. The pulverized, shade-dried plant leaves were sequentially macerated with 70% ethanol to obtain the crude extract (AAE). The extract’s cytotoxic activity (CC50) against the uninfected human red blood cells (RBCs) was determined using the 3-(4,5-Dimethylythiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. For the acute toxicity studies, the rats (male and female) were divided randomly into six groups of five rats (n = 5) and dosed orally once with the following dose levels: 100, 300, 1000, 3000, and 5000 mgkg−1, p.o. of the extracted AAE, with the control group receiving only the vehicle. In the repeated dose toxicity studies, the rats (both sexes) were orally administered daily with AAE at 100, 300, and 1000 mgkg−1 for 14 days. Rat body weights were measured, and blood samples were tested for haematological and biochemical markers. Internal organs like the heart, kidney, liver, and spleen were collected, inspected, and weighed, and histological examinations were performed. The median lethal dose (LD50) value is greater than 5000 mgkg−1 body weight, with no significant change in bodyweight or relative organ weight (ROWs) of the extract-treated groups or control group. The extract showed greater cytotoxicity activity (CC50), which was >100 μg/mL, compared to the reference drug (artesunate).The dosage groups of 100 and 300 mgkg−1bwt had neutrophilia and lymphocytopenia ( p < 0.05 ). However, changes in these haematological parameters may not be dose dependent and could be stress related. All the serum biochemical markers studied in rats given AAE did not show any significant change ( p > 0.05 ). Histopathological examination of internal organs of AAE-treated rats did not show any significant abnormalities resulting from the extract treatment compared to the control group. Based on the findings in the present study, the LD50 value of AAE was found to exceed 5000 mgkg−1 in the acute toxicity test, while the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) in rats was 1000 mgkg−1 p.o. In the sub-acute toxicity tests. Histopathological analysis revealed no morphological abnormalities in the vital organs.

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“…Similarly, black caraway essential oil did not affect the immune, blood system, body enzymes and vital organs of the body [ 40 ]. On the other hand, Citrus aurantifolia EO showed mild hematotoxicity, nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity among the 100 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg dose groups [ 41 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thymus vulgaris L EO was well tolerated up to the dose of 2000 mg/kg in acute exposure, and the 28-day sub-acute toxicity study revealed that the no-observed-adverse effect level (NOAEL) was greater than 250 mg/kg/day [ 54 ]. Citrus aurantifolia posed mild hematotoxic, nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic effects in doses of 100 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg in 60-day repeated dose study [ 41 ]. Mild toxicity observed in the latter case could be attributed to longer treatment; 28 days versus 60 days.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute and repeated-dose toxicity of Echinops kebericho Mesfin essential oil

et al. 2021

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Chemical profile and in vivo toxicity evaluation of unripe Citrus aurantifolia essential oil

Abstract: Graphical abstract

Cited by 29 publications

References 38 publications

Evaluation of the acute and sub-acute toxicity of the black caraway seed essential oil in Wistar rats

Evaluation of the acute and sub-acute toxicity of the black caraway seed essential oil in Wistar rats

In Vitro and In Vivo Toxicological Evaluation of Avicennia africana P: Beauv. (Avicenniaceae) Leaf Extract in a Rat Model

Acute and repeated-dose toxicity of Echinops kebericho Mesfin essential oil

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