Chemical Recycling of Mixed Plastic Wastes by Pyrolysis – Pilot Scale Investigations

Zeller, Michael; Netsch, Niklas; Richter, Frank; Leibold, Hans; Stapf, Dieter

doi:10.1002/cite.202100102

Cited by 60 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…This is owing to relative feedstock purity and their lower content of chemically bonded oxygen. [ 108 ] Dewangga and coworkers [ 109 ] worked on the pyrolysis of polystyrene waste to get styrene monomers with the help of a bentonite catalyst. This pyrolysis was executed in a batch reactor at 300–550°C with polystyrene waste and a catalyst percentage of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% waste polystyrene.…”

Section: Sustainable Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable recycling technologies for thermoplastic polymers and their composites: A review of the state of the art

et al. 2022

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This review article discusses the environmental and economic effects of recycling, as well as sustainable thermoplastic polymer recycling technologies. Several researchers have utilized recycled thermoplastics as matrices in the production of a variety of natural and synthetic‐based composites, which is also the focus of this study. All of the industries (food and packaging, construction and building, transportation, and indoor usage) where recycled thermoplastics have a large market share (food and packaging, construction and building, transportation, and indoor usage) are covered in this review. The desirable properties of thermoplastic polymers, such as corrosion resistance, low density, and user‐friendliness, have caused plastic production to surpass aluminum and other metals in use over the past 60 years. Furthermore, recycling is one of the most important measures available to mitigate these effects and is one of the most dynamic segments of the plastics industry at present. Increased landfilling and incineration of plastics have a negative impact on the ecosystem, and the continued increase in the production of virgin fossil plastic also has a negative impact on the environment. Consequently, this continuous production could lead to the depletion of fossil fuel resources, an increase in environmental emissions during processing, and eventual incineration. Increasing numbers of nations are adopting the circular economy concept in an effort to avoid all of these problems. This concept emphasizes the reuse of products and resources, as well as the recycling of materials according to the waste hierarchy, rather than their cremation or disposal in the environment.

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Section: Sustainable Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable recycling technologies for thermoplastic polymers and their composites: A review of the state of the art

et al. 2022

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“…Following the circular economy principles, attention was paid to the R3 recovery method Recycling or recovery of organic substances that are not used as solvents (including composting and other biological transformation processes). This item includes the methods of using raw materials and products of gasification and pyrolysis, for example, in the production of chemical reagents [6,7,[22][23][24][25]. Apart from gasification and pyrolysis, an example of chemical recycling can also be the chemical depolymerization of PVC [6].…”

Section: Chemical Recyclingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Pyrolysis and Combustion Processes of Vinyl Floor Panels Using Thermogravimetric Analysis (TG-FTIR) in Terms of the Circular Economy

Kajda-Szcześniak

Czop

2022

Energies

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The article analyzes the thermal degradation in the inert and oxidative atmosphere of waste vinyl panels, the main component of which is PVC. Both pyrolysis and incineration of plastic waste are difficult, complex and multifaceted processes due to several physical and chemical phenomena occurring during their performance. The coupled TG-MS (thermogravimetry-mass spectrometry) analysis combined with the Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (TG-FTIR) analysis was used to identify the decomposition mechanisms of waste vinyl panels. Thermogravimetric tests were carried out for two heating rates of 5 and 20 K/min in the temperature range of 40–1000 °C, mass losses were determined, and products resulting from thermal degradation were identified. It was found that the individual components decompose at different temperatures depending on the heating rate and the choice of an inert or oxidative atmosphere. Vinyl floor panels were treated in terms of secondary raw material, which, in the light of the circular economy, may constitute a potential energy or chemical resource.

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“…However, there is a lack of quantitative data and scientific/technical literature to support a comparative evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of CR against conventional recycling and energy recovery pathways. The predominant attention today -academic and otherwise -is on technical issues related to CR, with existing literature focusing on new technical developments [10,[40][41][42][43], life cycle assessments [23,[44][45][46], as well as energy and material balances [43,47,48]. Furthermore, the predominant focus on pure plastic waste streams as potential CR feedstock has led to significant controversy in the socio-political realm as it presents a direct competition with mechanical recycling techniques [9,49].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Recycling of Plastic Waste: Comparative Evaluation of Environmental and Economic Performances of Gasification- and Incineration-based Treatment for Lightweight Packaging Waste

2022

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Chemical recycling (CR) – in enabling the use of plastic waste back as secondary carbon feedstock for production – could play a complementary role to mechanical recycling in supporting the transformation from a linear to a circular carbon economy. To date, research has predominantly focused on assessing technological aspects associated with CR of pure plastic waste streams. Little is known about its potential for treating low-quality and mixed plastic waste fractions which are unsuitable for conventional recycling and are currently incinerated. To address this gap, this investigation utilizes an integrated approach comprising of life cycle assessment and techno-economic analysis to evaluate the environmental and economic performance of CR of lightweight packaging waste via waste gasification compared to direct and indirect incineration in Germany. Results show that CR can contribute significantly – irrespective of the energy mix – to reducing climate change, terrestrial acidification, and fossil resource scarcity. In terms of economic performance, findings suggest that while CR requires higher capital investment, a multi-pronged approach which encompasses upscaling, waiver of carbon dioxide certificate costs, and price premium for CR products could increase profitability of CR to incineration. This study provides empirical support for the potential contribution of CR to complement existing strategies to combat the plastic waste challenge, and insights into market conditions which could promote its economic attractiveness. Additionally, it provides comprehensive inventory data for conventional and alternative waste treatment plants for lightweight packaging waste to inform future research on systemic assessment of CR technologies and their contributions to a circular economy.

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Chemical Recycling of Mixed Plastic Wastes by Pyrolysis – Pilot Scale Investigations

Cited by 60 publications

References 34 publications

Sustainable recycling technologies for thermoplastic polymers and their composites: A review of the state of the art

Sustainable recycling technologies for thermoplastic polymers and their composites: A review of the state of the art

Comparison of Pyrolysis and Combustion Processes of Vinyl Floor Panels Using Thermogravimetric Analysis (TG-FTIR) in Terms of the Circular Economy

Chemical Recycling of Plastic Waste: Comparative Evaluation of Environmental and Economic Performances of Gasification- and Incineration-based Treatment for Lightweight Packaging Waste

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