Chemical synthesis and application of palladium nanoparticles

Saldan, Ivan; Semenyuk, Yuriy; Marchuk, Iryna E.; Reshetnyak, Оleksandr

doi:10.1007/s10853-014-8802-2

Cited by 186 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 178 publications

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“…[1][2][3] One of the most common and established use of palladium catalyst is to control automobile exhaust gas emission. [4][5][6] Use of catalytic converter in automobile exhaust is a requirement to reach the recommended limits for emission of toxic byproducts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Gamma-Al₂O₃Support on the NO Adsorption on Pd₄Cluster

Prates¹,

Ferreira²,

Carneiro³

et al. 2016

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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The effect of γ-Al 2 O 3 support on the NO adsorption on Pd 4 clusters was investigated by means of density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Pd 4 adsorbed on γ-Al 2 O 3 (represented by a Al 14 O 24 H 6 cluster) changes its preferential geometry from tetrahedral to a distorted planar structure. The alumina support promotes a higher dispersion in the palladium catalyst and reduces the NO adsorption energy to -25.6 kcal mol -1 (computed at B3LYP/LANL2DZ/6-311+G(d)), in close agreement with the experimental value of -27.2 kcal mol . Charge density analysis show that the electron flux between the NO molecule and Pd 4 depends on the adsorption form, with back-donation being stronger in the bridge adsorption mode.Keywords: Pd clusters, DFT, supported-Pd clusters, alumina, NO adsorption, back-donation IntroductionPalladium catalysts have found wide appllication in several areas of chemistry. [1][2][3] One of the most common and established use of palladium catalyst is to control automobile exhaust gas emission. [4][5][6] Use of catalytic converter in automobile exhaust is a requirement to reach the recommended limits for emission of toxic byproducts. Although studies have been dedicated to the understanding of the catalytic conversion process in the exhaust emission, 7 more fundamental studies are still necessary for a full comprehension of the catalytic process, particularly at the molecular level. 8,9 Commonly, the platinum and palladium catalysts are supported on metal oxides, among them γ-Al 2 O 3 , although oxides of cerium, zirconium and titanium are also frequently employed. [10][11][12] These supported catalysts are thus employed to remove carbon monoxide (CO), nitric oxide (NO), NO x and SO x contaminants, among others, from the exhaust engine. [4][5][6] Nitric oxide has an odd number of electrons and is one of the most versatile molecules, making its chemistry and adsorption process of particular interest. 13 The adsorption of NO on the supported catalyst surface has been investigated by both experimental 7,14-20 and theoretical procedures. [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] NO adsorbs on small Pd clusters through its nitrogen atom in a tilted orientation, preferentially in the hcp threefold and bridge sites, 27 although the relative binding energies are strongly dependent on the size and geometry of the cluster employed. 27 For adsorption of NO on an extended surface at low coverage the interaction is determined by electron donation and back-donation involving the 5σ/2π* antibonding orbital of the NO molecule and the d-bands of the transition metal, with a net charge transfer from the transition metal to the adsorbed NO. 29 However, the extent of the interaction via the back-donation process is strongly dependent on the coordination mode of the NO molecule. On a flat surface, the preferential adsorption occurs on a hollow-site. 29 Adsorption on the energetically less favorable top-site results in tilted orientation with the NO bent to the metal surface.In the vast literature on theoretical studies of N...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Gamma-Al₂O₃Support on the NO Adsorption on Pd₄Cluster

Prates¹,

Ferreira²,

Carneiro³

et al. 2016

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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“…For this reason, considerable research efforts have been directed towards the development of new nanosized catalysts, which have been immobilized on a variety of different solid materials, including metals, as well as several silicon and polymer based supports. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] We previously reported the development of a sulfur-modified Au-supported Pd material (SAPd), which had PdNPs immobilized on its surface. Furthermore, we investigated the application of this material as a catalyst to a variety of different reactions, including the Suzuki-Miyaura, Buchwald-Hartwig amination, carbon (sp 3 and sp 2 )-hydrogen bond activation, double carbonylation, and allyl cleavage reactions.…”

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confidence: 99%

Development of a Sulfur-Modified Glass-Supported Pd Nanoparticle Catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling

Xiao

Hoshiya

Fujiki

et al. 2016

CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN

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“…Over the past few years, considerable interest has been focused on supported palladium metallic nanoparticles (PdNPs) as an effective approach to achieve high catalytic activity, easy recovery, along with high stability [5][6][7][8][9]. However, the stability and durable catalytic efficiency of nanoparticles, which are very much related to the avoidance of their aggregation and/or their minimal metal leaching in the reaction products, are still a challenge [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immobilized Palladium Nanoparticles on Zirconium Carboxy-Aminophosphonates Nanosheets as an Efficient Recoverable Heterogeneous Catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura and Heck Coupling

et al. 2017

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Zirconium phosphate glycine diphosphonate nanosheets (ZPGly) have been used as support for the preparation of solid palladium nanoparticles, namely Pd@ZPGly. Thanks to the presence of carboxy-aminophosponate groups on the layer surface, ZPGly-based materials were able to stabilize a high amount of palladium (up to 22 wt %) also minimizing the amount of metal leached in the final products of representative important cross-coupling processes selected for proving the catalysts' efficiency. The catalytic systems have been fully characterized and used in low amounts (0.1 mol %) in the Suzuki-Miyaura and Heck cross-couplings. Moreover, the protocols were optimized for the use of recoverable azeotropic mixtures (aq. EtOH 96% or aq. CH 3 CN 84%, respectively) and in the flow procedure allowing one to isolate the final pure products, without any purification step, with very low residual palladium content and with a very low waste production.

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Chemical synthesis and application of palladium nanoparticles

Cited by 186 publications

References 178 publications

The Effect of Gamma-Al₂O₃Support on the NO Adsorption on Pd₄Cluster

The Effect of Gamma-Al₂O₃Support on the NO Adsorption on Pd₄Cluster

Development of a Sulfur-Modified Glass-Supported Pd Nanoparticle Catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling

Immobilized Palladium Nanoparticles on Zirconium Carboxy-Aminophosphonates Nanosheets as an Efficient Recoverable Heterogeneous Catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura and Heck Coupling

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Chemical synthesis and application of palladium nanoparticles

Cited by 186 publications

References 178 publications

The Effect of Gamma-Al2O3Support on the NO Adsorption on Pd4Cluster

The Effect of Gamma-Al2O3Support on the NO Adsorption on Pd4Cluster

Development of a Sulfur-Modified Glass-Supported Pd Nanoparticle Catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling

Immobilized Palladium Nanoparticles on Zirconium Carboxy-Aminophosphonates Nanosheets as an Efficient Recoverable Heterogeneous Catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura and Heck Coupling

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The Effect of Gamma-Al₂O₃Support on the NO Adsorption on Pd₄Cluster

The Effect of Gamma-Al₂O₃Support on the NO Adsorption on Pd₄Cluster