Chemical Taxonomy of Alkaloids

Waterman, Peter G.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-2905-4_4

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…coniine and solanidine, respectively), and these clearly did not fit into any single encompassing definition. Definitions for an alkaloid or a classification are still propounded (Hesse, 1978;Dalton, 1979;Pelletier, 1983;Ikan, 1991;Bruneton, 1993;Torssell, 1997;Roberts and Wink, 1998;Waterman, 1998), but truth to tell there is none that is totally embracing (Cordell, 1981). It is more a case of 'You'll know one when you see one!…”

Section: Why Alkaloids?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential of alkaloids in drug discovery

Cordell

Quinn-Beattie

Farnsworth

2001

Phytotherapy Research

329

195

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Section: Why Alkaloids?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential of alkaloids in drug discovery

Cordell

Quinn-Beattie

Farnsworth

2001

Phytotherapy Research

329

195

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“…In addition to the original benefit brought to the plants, these complex natural products and their derivatives are also used as anticancer, antimalarial, and antiarrhythmic agents. The better known and studied plants producing TIAs are Catharanthus roseus, Tabernaemontana divaricata, and Rauvolfia serpentina [2,3]. The Catharanthus alkaloids comprise a large group of about 130 TIAs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives of the Metabolic Engineering of Terpenoid Indole Alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus Hairy Roots

Zhao

Sander

Shanks

2013

Biotechnology of Hairy Root Systems

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“…Similarly, PMT gene expression is repressed by auxin (Hibi et al, 1994;Imanishi et al, 1998a, b), with its removal or reduction in cell culture media resulting in increased PMT expression. Various abiotic factors including wounding, drought stress, and pH imbalance Kutchan, 1998;Waterman, 1998;Baldwin, 1999), as well as biotic factors, such as herbivory, insect feeding, and attack by various microbial and fungal pathogens, are also known to elicit increased production of nicotine and other alkaloids in the leaves of wild and cultivated tobacco species (Baldwin et al, 1994(Baldwin et al, , 1996Ohnmeiss et al, 1997;Saito and Murakoishi, 1998;Baldwin and Prestin, 1999). Convincing evidence has been produced that wound-induced increases in jasmonate are associated with increased nicotine content of damaged Nicotiana plants (Baldwin et al, 1994.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methyl jasmonate induced expression of the tobacco putrescine N-methyltransferase genes requires both G-box and GCC-motif elements

Timko

2004

Plant Mol Biol

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Putrescine N-methyltransferase (PMT) catalyzes the first committed step of nicotine biosynthesis, converting putrescine into N-methylputrescine. A variety of chemical, environmental, and developmental cues have been implicated in its regulation. Here we have examined the differential expression of beta-glucuronidase (GUS) transgenes under the control of the transcriptional regulatory sequences of four distinct members of the NtPMT gene family from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). BY-2 cell cultures expressing various NtPMT promoter-GUS constructs were examined for their response to treatment with various combinations of methyl jasmonate (MeJA), auxin (AUX), and ethylene (ETH). All four NtPMT gene promoters examined were inducible by MeJA, although the extent of the induction varied dramatically, with the NtPMT1a promoter being the most responsive. High AUX levels in the cell growth media repressed NtPMT::GUS transgene expression and inhibited their MeJA-induced transcription. Treatment of BY-2 cells with ETH alone did not result in a significant alteration in NtPMT::GUS expression. However, similar to AUX, ETH treatment led to the suppression of MeJA-induced transcription. Detailed deletion analysis of the NtPMT1a gene promoter showed that as little as 111 bp upstream of the transcriptional start site were sufficient to confer MeJA-responsiveness. Deletion of a conserved G-box element (GCACGTTG) at -103 to -96 bp completely abolished MeJA-responsiveness. Further mutagenesis studies revealed that in addition to a functional G-box, MeJA-responsiveness of the NtPMT1a promoter also required a TA-rich region and a GCC-motif (TGCGCCC) located at -80 to -69 bp and -62 to -56 bp relative to the start site, respectively. A synthetic G-box tetramer (4 X syn G-box) fused to a -83 bp fragment from the NtPMT1a promoter (containing the TA-rich region, GCC-box, and TATA-box) displayed a 30-fold induction by MeJA treatment, whereas when the 4 X syn G-box was fused to a minimal (-46 bp) promoter fragment derived from the CaMV 35S gene, no induction by MeJA treatment was detected. Our results indicate that multiple intersecting signal transduction pathways and different transcriptional regulatory factors are involved in mediating JA-responsiveness of NtPMT expression in tobacco.

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Chemical Taxonomy of Alkaloids

Cited by 19 publications

References 21 publications

The potential of alkaloids in drug discovery

The potential of alkaloids in drug discovery

Perspectives of the Metabolic Engineering of Terpenoid Indole Alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus Hairy Roots

Methyl jasmonate induced expression of the tobacco putrescine N-methyltransferase genes requires both G-box and GCC-motif elements

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