Chemical Thermodynamics: A Journey of Many Vistas

CHAPTER 1. Volumetric Properties: Introduction, Concepts and Selected Applications

“…Experiments, together with theory and computer simulation, are the pillars of science, and Figure 1.1 (the ''knowledge triangle'' 96,97 ) indicates what may be learned from a comparison of respective results under idealised conditions. It may be used to illustrate the process of inductive reasoning in science, also known informally as bottom-up reasoning, which amplifies and generalises our experimental observations, eventually leading to theories and new knowledge.…”

“…In fact, careful analysis of the heat capacity at constant volume of liquids provides valuable information on the hindered rotation of the molecules as a whole. [74][75][76]82,95,97,[130][131][132][133] Since…”

“…Available data indicate that it is small and negative for simple organic liquids at ordinary temperatures, that is to say, C L V decreases with increasing molar volume. Alternatively, one may use 95,97,[130][131][132] …”

CHAPTER 7. Excess Volumes of Liquid Nonelectrolyte Mixtures

“…Experiments, together with theory and computer simulations, are the pillars of science, as indicated by Figure 1.1 and elaborated in Chapter 1 of this monograph: 1 the ''knowledge triangle'' [2][3][4] indicates what may be learned from a comparison of respective results under idealised conditions. The link between macroscopically observable physical properties of bulk phases in which the physical chemist or the chemical engineer is interested, and the properties of molecules and of their interactions in pairs, triplets, and so forth is commonly known as molecular thermodynamics.…”

“…Figure 7.1 presents an overview of the most important aspects at the molecular level as well as the bulk level. 4,62,63 In fact, in many liquid mixtures/solutions dipolar (and quadrupolar) interactions, or the breaking or forming of hydrogen bonds, contribute significantly to the thermodynamic properties and may result in cooperative phenomena. This aspect is of particular importance in aqueous solutions, and has for decades occupied the central stage of research in this area.…”