Chemical Thinning of Flowers and Fruits

Edgerton, L. J.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-424250-0.50016-6

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Nurserymen have long known that buds compete with one another, because when a portion of the plant buds are removed, the remaining buds produce more and larger leaves than they could have otherwise (Kozlowski 1973, Addicott 1978. Thinning of flower buds in orchards is an important practice used to increase fruit size (Edgerton 1973). In nature, due to the elimination of poorer competing buds within a single plant, buds with inferior genetic combinations or mutations can be lost with little cost to the plant.…”

Section: Somatic Mutations In Plants and Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution by individuals, plant-herbivore interactions, and mosaics of genetic variability: The adaptive significance of somatic mutations in plants

1981

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Differences in the pattern of organization of organisms may lead to different patterns of evolution, genetics and ecology, Plants and animals differ in their fundamental patterns of organization. Plants consist of a series of repeating units that compete with one another, while animals consist of mutually interdependent systems that cannot compete. As a result, plants may be able to take advantage of somatic mutations in ways that are not available to animals. Somatic mutations arising in plants can be inherited by naturally occurring mechanisms of sexual and asexual reproduction. Long life span, large clone size, and the complete regeneration of buds each year may permit an indivdual plant or clone to evolve. Plants may even develop as mosaics of genetic variation. Evolution by individual plants and/or development as mosaics of genetic variation may prevent herbivores from breaking the defenses of their host plants. This evolution may also result in greater "fine tuning" to local environments leading to ecotypic variation.

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Section: Somatic Mutations In Plants and Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution by individuals, plant-herbivore interactions, and mosaics of genetic variability: The adaptive significance of somatic mutations in plants

1981

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“…DNOC (on flowers), NAA and related compounds, ethephon, and carbaryl (Sevin) are successively used with apples depending on conditions and cultivars. A discussion of the relative merits and drawbacks is found in previous reviews (Edgerton 1973;Williams and Edgerton 1974;Williams 1979) and will not be repeated here. Ethephon has been used in Australia on 'Valencia' oranges iGallasch et al.…”

Section: A Control Of Flower Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternate Bearing in Fruit Trees

Monselise

Goldschmidt

1982

Horticultural Reviews

281

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“…In several andromonoecious species and on males of some gynodioecious species, hermaphrodite flowers occur in physiologically favoured positions, while the male flowers lacking developed ovaries are in later, less optimal positions (Knuth, 1908;Primack and Lloyd, 1980b;Webb, 1979). Similarly, in some hermaphrodite species those flowers that are retained and mature into fruit tend to be positioned on optimally placed shoots (Edgerton, 1973;Layne and Quamme, 1975). In species with a number of ovaryhearing flowers per node or cluster, non-random abscission leads to a spacing of one fruit per node, indicating local competition (Tomlinson and Soderholm, 1975 ;Ha, 1978;Primack, 1979a).…”

Section: B Maternal Investments Require Superior Resourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual Strategies in Plants

1980

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SUMMARYIt is postulated that in one reproductive session the level of maternal expenditure of an angiosperm plant is determined by a temporal series of controls on the number of potential fruit in which an investm.ent is made. The serial adjustment hypothesis has three parts: A. The amount of maternal expenditure is regulated at many developmental units, particularly single flowers and fruit, at three principal sequential stages -the determination of flowers, the development of ovaries and the maturation of fruit. B. At each stage, the initiation or continuation of an investment requires an amount of available resources above a certain threshold. Hence maternal expenditure is continually adjusted to the resources available at each developmental site. C. The pattern of controls that maximizes the maternal fitness of a plant is selected. Many factors affect the relative advantages of regulation at the three stages, therefore species and sexual morphs appear to vary widely in their proportional use of the three stages. Regulation of flower determination has the general advantages of offering bidirectional adjustment of maternal investment, maintaining a constant ratio of maternal to paternal investment, and reducing wasted expenditure. The later stages, ovary and fruit regulation, allow secondary adjustnients of maternal investment in unpredictable circumstances and permit adjustment of the relative numbers of polliniferous and seminiferous flowers. The relative advantages of restricting the numbers of developing ovaries, or of maturing fruit, depend principally on the extent to which differences in the capacity of flowers to mature fruit are evident before anthesis.

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Chemical Thinning of Flowers and Fruits

Cited by 12 publications

References 19 publications

Evolution by individuals, plant-herbivore interactions, and mosaics of genetic variability: The adaptive significance of somatic mutations in plants

Evolution by individuals, plant-herbivore interactions, and mosaics of genetic variability: The adaptive significance of somatic mutations in plants

Alternate Bearing in Fruit Trees

Sexual Strategies in Plants

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