Chemical toxicity of some actinides and lanthanides towards alveolar macrophages: an in vitro study

Abstract

This study demonstrates that the toxicity of neptunium and uranium was concomitant with the presence of insoluble forms in the culture medium. Further studies are needed to characterize the cell death mechanisms involved and the potential synergistic effects of chemical toxicity and irradiation.

Synchrotron XRF Analysis Identifies Cerium Accumulation Colocalized with Pharyngeal Deformities in CeO2 NP-Exposed Caenorhabditis elegans

“… 1 , 2 Hazard assessments show consistent results regarding the toxicity of cerium (Ce) ions for a range of organisms. 3 − 5 Nevertheless, there are conflicting findings regarding the toxic effects of CeO 2 NPs. Investigations of CeO 2 NP toxicity indicate highly particle-specific modes of action (MoA), with the reported effects ranging from highly toxic to nontoxic and even beneficial effects.…”

“…Cerium dioxide nanoparticles (CeO 2 NPs, or nanoceria) are among the most manufactured nanomaterials by mass due to their unique properties and application in vehicle catalytic emission control systems, electrolyte materials of solid oxide fuel cells, and ultraviolet-blocking materials. , Hazard assessments show consistent results regarding the toxicity of cerium (Ce) ions for a range of organisms. − Nevertheless, there are conflicting findings regarding the toxic effects of CeO 2 NPs. Investigations of CeO 2 NP toxicity indicate highly particle-specific modes of action (MoA), with the reported effects ranging from highly toxic to nontoxic and even beneficial effects. , It has been proposed that the apparent differences originate from the intrinsic catalytic capacities that enable CeO 2 NPs to act as a scavenger of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals, referred to as antioxidant enzyme-mimetic activity. − Furthermore, the binding of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) on the surface of the NPs in solution, with subsequent catalytic reduction to water (H 2 O) and oxygen (O 2 ), has been shown to facilitate cellular antioxidant activity and hence avoid the production of · OH by CeO 2 NPs. , …”

Gadolinium promoted proliferation and enhanced survival in human cervical carcinoma cells

“…However, more concerns for the safety of lanthanides-based drugs are indicated. The controversy about the safety and efficacy in the lanthanum carbonate used as a non-calcium-containing phosphate binder has not been completely settled yet (Lizon and Fritsch 1999;Brancaccio and Cozzolino 2007;Cozzolino 2007;Lacour et al 2007). Aime et al (2007) called for caution in the treatment of uremic patients with lanthanum carbonate.…”

Effects of Lanthanum on Human Lymphocytes Viability and DNA Strand Break

“…Our decision on choosing lanthanum nitrate was based in these facts: (i) lanthanum nitrate is mainly applied in industry (specialty glass and catalyst); (ii) soluble forms of lanthanum have been reported to be more toxic than ''insoluble'' forms (Lizon and Fritsch 1999); (iii) experiments previously accomplished in our laboratory showed similar toxicology results for lanthanum nitrate and lanthanum chloride (data not show).…”