Chemical treatment of crystalline silicon solar cells as a method of recovering pure silicon from photovoltaic modules

Klugmann-Radziemska, Ewa; Ostrowski, P.

doi:10.1016/j.renene.2009.11.031

Cited by 198 publications

(131 citation statements)

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“…Their analysis presented that recycling by physical treatment with two blade rotors crushing followed by hammer crushing and eventually by a thermal treatment was the best option aiming to a direct recovery of glass. Ostrowski et al [6] researched on various chemical treatment of recycling for crystalline silicon PV module. In their research, a series of etching processes were carried which includes etching of electric connectors, anti-reflective coating and n-p junction.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable recycling technologies for Solar PV off-grid system

Uppal¹,

Tamboli²,

Wubhayavedantapuram³

2017

E3S Web Conf.

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Policy makers throughout the world have accepted climate change as a repercussion of fossil fuel exploitation. This has led the governments to integrate renewable energy streams in their national energy mix. PV off-grid Systems have been at the forefront of this transition because of their permanently increasing efficiency and cost effectiveness. These systems are expected to produce large amount of different waste streams at the end of their lifetime. It is important that these waste streams should be recycled because of the lack of available resources. Our study found that separate researches have been carried out to increase the efficiencies of recycling of individual PV system components but there is a lack of a comprehensive methodical research which details efficient and sustainable recycling processes for the entire PV off-grid system. This paper reviews the current and future recycling technologies for PV off-grid systems and presents a scheme of the most sustainable recycling technologies which have the potential for adoption. Full Recovery End-of-Life Photovoltaic (FRELP) recycling technology can offer opportunities to sustainably recycle crystalline silicon PV modules. Electro-hydrometallurgical process & Vacuum technologies can be used for recovering lead from lead acid batteries with a high recovery rate. The metals in the WEEE can be recycled by using a combination of biometallurgical technology, vacuum metallurgical technology and other advanced metallurgical technologies (utrasonical, mechano-chemical technology) while the plastic components can be effectively recycled without separation by using compatibilizers. All these advanced technologies when used in combination with each other provide sustainable recycling options for growing PV off-grid systems waste. These promising technologies still need further improvement and require proper integration techniques before implementation.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable recycling technologies for Solar PV off-grid system

Uppal¹,

Tamboli²,

Wubhayavedantapuram³

2017

E3S Web Conf.

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“…Scraps generated in the manufacturing processes are sent either to the recycling facility or to disposal. Recycling steps for c-Si PV system are categorized into disassembly, thermal treatment, separation, and chemical treatment [11,15] as shown in Figure 1. If a new end-of-life module comes, the junction box is separated from the system and sent to an electronic scrap waste treatment company.…”

Section: Closed-loop Supply Chain Of Deutshe Solar (In 2003)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First of all, with external recycling, it is impossible for the manufacturer to reuse extracted materials so the amount of raw materials bought from suppliers is only dependent on the demand and process yield ratio. Therefore, Equation (2) is modified to be Equation (15).…”

Section: Supply Chain Planning With External Recyclingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Closed-Loop Supply Chain Planning Model for a Photovoltaic System Manufacturer with Internal and External Recycling

Kim

Jeong

2016

Sustainability

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Abstract:The photovoltaic (PV) generation system has been widely used since the late 1990s. Considering its lifespan of 20 to 30 years, many end-of-life systems will emerge in the near future. This is why recycling PV systems will be beneficial (and may even be detrimental) to both the environment and the economy. Through the recycling process, hazardous by-product substances such as cadmium and lead can be treated properly. Moreover, valuable materials including indium, gallium, and tellurium can be extracted and reused for manufacturing purposes. Even though many studies have dealt with issues related to the PV system and its recycling policy, they lack significant factors regarding the recycling policy. This study analyzes and compares three real cases of manufacturer's recycling policy, including Deutsche Solar, First Solar, and PV Cycle, from the perspective of a closed-loop supply chain. Two mathematical models are developed to help PV system manufacturers establish supply chain planning and choose suitable recycling policies in consideration of different circumstances. Furthermore, an experimental example of these models will be used to validate and conclude the significance of the models. The results from this study will show that recycling CdTe PV systems is much more efficient than recycling c-Si PV systems and that, in the case of c-Si, it is better to outsource recycling end-of-life systems and dispose of all manufacturing scrap.

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“…Basically, PV panel recycling processes are composed by three macrosteps: (i) mechanical, chemical, or thermal delamination; (ii) chemical decoating; and (iii) chemical extraction/refining [14]. The recycling process of crystalline technology requires the pyrolysis at about 500°C for the recovery of crystalline silicon wafers from the modules and a chemical etching for the removal of metal coatings, antireflective coatings, and diffusion layers [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic Feasibility for Recycling of Waste Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Modules

D’Adamo

Miliacca

Rosa

2017

International Journal of Photoenergy

106

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Cumulative photovoltaic (PV) power installed in 2016 was equal to 305 GW. Five countries (China, Japan, Germany, the USA, and Italy) shared about 70% of the global power. End-of-life (EoL) management of waste PV modules requires alternative strategies than landfill, and recycling is a valid option. Technological solutions are already available in the market and environmental benefits are highlighted by the literature, while economic advantages are not well defined. The aim of this paper is investigating the financial feasibility of crystalline silicon (Si) PV module-recycling processes. Two well-known indicators are proposed for a reference 2000 tons plant: net present value (NPV) and discounted payback period (DPBT). NPV/size is equal to −0.84 €/kg in a baseline scenario. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis is conducted, in order to improve the solidity of the obtained results. NPV/size varies from −1.19 €/kg to −0.50 €/kg. The absence of valuable materials plays a key role, and process costs are the main critical variables.

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Chemical treatment of crystalline silicon solar cells as a method of recovering pure silicon from photovoltaic modules

Cited by 198 publications

References 1 publication

Sustainable recycling technologies for Solar PV off-grid system

Sustainable recycling technologies for Solar PV off-grid system

Closed-Loop Supply Chain Planning Model for a Photovoltaic System Manufacturer with Internal and External Recycling

Economic Feasibility for Recycling of Waste Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Modules

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