Chemical‐ vs sonochemical‐assisted synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles from a new zinc complex for improvement of carotene biosynthesis fromRhodotorula toruloidesMH023518

Abstract

The complex [ZnL2] {HL = 2‐(((3,4‐dimethylphenyl)imino)methyl)phenol} was introduced by two routes (chemical vs. sonochemical) and acted as a source of different size zinc‐oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) (nonsonicated ZnO NPs of Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area of 19.208 m2 g−1, total pore volume of 0.03493 cc g−1, and particle diameter of 20.49–114.89 nm vs. sonicated ZnO NPs of BET surface area of 38.383 m2 g−1, total pore volume of 0.08723 cc g−1 and particle diameter of 15.09–55.31 nm). The NPs generate cell stress that leads to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Consequently, carotene biosynthesis can be enhanced to overcome the ROS. Rhodotorula toruloides MH023518, genetically identified with 18S rRNA, produced carotenoids (124 ± 4.5 mg L−1) and lipids (0.897 ± 0.01 mg L−1) under no NPs' stress, but these values increased to total carotenoids of 264 ± 0.6 and 297.78 ± 0.8 mg L−1 and total lipids of 0.97 ± 0.007 and 1.096 ± 0.015 mg L−1 under stress conditions of 50 ppm of the nonsonicated and sonicated ZnO NPs, respectively. These results may represent potential industrial utilization of the as‐formed ZnO NPs (particularly the sonicated sample) as carotene and lipid stimulator. Additionally in this article, the soluble proteins, total antioxidants, and catalase and superoxide dismutase specific activities of the yeast in the presence of various concentrations of the as‐formed ZnO NPs were determined.

Biogenic ZnO Nanoparticles Synthesized Using a Novel Plant Extract: Application to Enhance Physiological and Biochemical Traits in Maize

“…The carotenoid data, examined with the above, indicate that specific concentrations of ZnO-NPs can positively affect the pigment biosynthesis. Therefore, the use of non-excessive doses of ZnO-NPs can also be proposed as a valuable strategy to induce the content of these beneficial compounds [ 59 ]. On the other hand, the T200 data indicate that such concentrations interfered with carotenoids biosynthesis.…”

Controlling Alternaria cerealis MT808477 Tomato Phytopathogen by Trichoderma harzianum and Tracking the Plant Physiological Changes

“…Amplification was conducted using the following PCR conditions: denaturation at 95 • C for 15 min (one cycle), denaturation at 95 • C for 20 s (30 cycles) then annealing at 50 • C for 40 s and extension at 72 • C for 1 min (30 cycles), with a final extension step of 72 • C for 5 min. The purified PCR products were confirmed on 1% agarose gel by electrophoreses, then eluted and sequenced in the forward and reverse directions using the same primers (ITS1 and ITS4) and the incorporation of ddNTP in the reaction mixture [52].…”

Synthesis of a Lignin/Zinc Oxide Hybrid Nanoparticles System and Its Application by Nano-Priming in Maize

“…As mentioned above, zinc can stimulate the activity of NADH oxidase and the formation of ROS, and this effect persists during the later stages of development of the treated plant [ 44 , 45 ]. Therefore, the plant response associated with the treatment with ZnO@LNP was that of elevating the content of this beneficial and pivotal class of protective pigment, as evidenced by other studies [ 46 , 61 ].…”