1996
DOI: 10.2475/ajs.296.8.837
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Chemical weathering of basalt in Southwest Iceland; effects of runoff, age of rocks and vegetative/glacial cover

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Cited by 412 publications
(352 citation statements)
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“…The oldest basalts in the northwest and east are ∼ 13 Ma (Moorbath et al, 1968), whilst the youngest rocks (Quaternary to Recent) are found in the volcanically active zones close to the ridge. The more recently erupted basalts tend to have higher permeabilities, as compaction and the precipitation of secondary minerals reduces the permeability of the older rocks (Sigurdsson and Ingimarsson, 1990;Gislason et al, 1996;Neuhoff et al, 1999). This difference is also reflected in the nature of the water discharge; surface runoff dominates in the older, less permeable areas, whereas there are fewer surface streams in the younger regions, and glacierand spring-fed rivers are more dominant.…”
Section: Geological Setting and Climatementioning
confidence: 94%
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“…The oldest basalts in the northwest and east are ∼ 13 Ma (Moorbath et al, 1968), whilst the youngest rocks (Quaternary to Recent) are found in the volcanically active zones close to the ridge. The more recently erupted basalts tend to have higher permeabilities, as compaction and the precipitation of secondary minerals reduces the permeability of the older rocks (Sigurdsson and Ingimarsson, 1990;Gislason et al, 1996;Neuhoff et al, 1999). This difference is also reflected in the nature of the water discharge; surface runoff dominates in the older, less permeable areas, whereas there are fewer surface streams in the younger regions, and glacierand spring-fed rivers are more dominant.…”
Section: Geological Setting and Climatementioning
confidence: 94%
“…The annual discharge of Icelandic rivers is 170 km 3 (equating to ∼0.45% of global riverine discharge into the oceans), whilst the total size of the island is 103,000 km 2 , representing ∼0.1% of the global land area drained to the oceans (Gannoun et al, 2006). The flux of suspended load carried by the Icelandic rivers each year is 0.02-0.025 km 3 , which is ∼0.3% of the global annual flux to the oceans (Gislason et al, 1996). Some 11,260 km 2 (∼11%) of the island is under glacial cover, with the largest icecap being the 8300 km 2 Vatnajökull glacier in the southeast.…”
Section: Geological Setting and Climatementioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Chemical weathering fluxes from rivers draining basaltic terranes are among the highest recorded worldwide (Gislason et al, 1996;Louvat and Allègre, 1997;Dessert et al, 2003Dessert et al, , 2009Das et al, 2005;Pokrovsky et al, 2005Pokrovsky et al, , 2006Eiríksdóttir et al, 2006;Rad et al, 2006;Schopka et al, 2011 etc.). Despite its relative accessibility, there has been little work on chemical weathering fluxes from the Hawaiian archipelago.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%