Chemically defined medium and Caenorhabditis elegans

Szewczyk, Nathaniel J.; Kozak, Elena; Conley, Catharine A.

doi:10.1186/1472-6750-3-19

Cited by 118 publications

(69 citation statements)

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“…Although C. elegans have been grown in liquid media in previous studies 15 , worms grown in the C. elegans maintenance medium (CeMM) show a distinct delay in generation times 16 , unlike what we observe in mCeHR medium. Our main goal was to exploit C. elegans to study nutrient homeostasis with specific emphasis on heme and metal metabolism.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

Culturing <em>Caenorhabditis elegans</em > in Axenic Liquid Media and Creation of Transgenic Worms by Microparticle Bombardment

Samuel

Sinclair

Pinter

et al. 2014

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In this protocol, we present the required materials, and the procedure for making modified C. elegans Habituation and Reproduction media (mCeHR). Additionally, the steps for exposing and acclimatizing C. elegans grown on E. coli to axenic liquid media are described. Finally, downstream experiments that utilize axenic C. elegans illustrate the benefits of this procedure. The ability to analyze and determine C. elegans nutrient requirement was illustrated by growing N2 wild type worms in axenic liquid media with varying heme concentrations. This procedure can be replicated with other nutrients to determine the optimal concentration for worm growth and development or, to determine the toxicological effects of drug treatments. The effects of varied heme concentrations on the growth of wild type worms were determined through qualitative microscopic observation and by quantitating the number of worms that grew in each heme concentration. In addition, the effect of varied nutrient concentrations can be assayed by utilizing worms that express fluorescent sensors that respond to changes in the nutrient of interest. Furthermore, a large number of worms were easily produced for the generation of transgenic C. elegans using microparticle bombardment. Video LinkThe video component of this article can be found at

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

Culturing <em>Caenorhabditis elegans</em > in Axenic Liquid Media and Creation of Transgenic Worms by Microparticle Bombardment

Samuel

Sinclair

Pinter

et al. 2014

JoVE

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“…C. elegans also requires certain amino acids in the diet (Szewczyk et al 2003). This fact leads to the intriguing possibility that amino acids act as a food or anti-hunger signal.…”

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confidence: 99%

Systemic regulation of starvation response in Caenorhabditis elegans

Kang¹,

Avery²

2009

Genes Dev.

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When the supply of environmental nutrients is limited, multicellular animals can make both physiological and behavioral changes so as to cope with nutrient starvation. Although physiological and behavioral effects of starvation are well known, the mechanisms by which animals sense starvation systemically remain elusive. Furthermore, what constituent of food is sensed and how it modulates starvation response is still poorly understood. In this study, we use a starvation-hypersensitive mutant to identify molecules and mechanisms that modulate starvation signaling. We found that specific amino acids could suppress the starvation-induced death of gpb-2 mutants, and that MGL-1 and MGL-2, Caenorhabditis elegans homologs of metabotropic glutamate receptors, were involved. MGL-1 and MGL-2 acted in AIY and AIB neurons, respectively. Treatment with leucine suppressed starvation-induced stress resistance and life span extension in wild-type worms, and mutation of mgl-1 and mgl-2 abolished these effects of leucine. Taken together, our results suggest that metabotropic glutamate receptor homologs in AIY and AIB neuron may modulate a systemic starvation response, and that C. elegans senses specific amino acids as an anti-hunger signal.Supplemental material is available at http://www.genesdev.org.Received July 31, 2008; revised version accepted November 14, 2008. During nutritional deprivation, individual cells can respond to starvation by modulating intracellular signaling, which in turn induces a starvation response and thereby enhances their survival (Levine and Yuan 2005;Lum et al. 2005;Levine and Kroemer 2008). An important starvation response of individual cells is a change of metabolism (inhibiting anabolic pathways and activating catabolic pathways), so as to generate metabolic substrates to maintain basal cellular activities (Lum et al. 2005). In multicellular organisms, however, the situation is complicated by the need to induce behavioral changes in addition to physiological changes, and more importantly by the danger that uncoordinated starvation responses in individual cells could be harmful to the organism. In Caenorhabditis elegans, for example, we reported previously that excessive autophagy in pharyngeal muscle causes its malfunction, which eventually prevents the recovery of worms from starvation (Kang et al. 2007). Thus, it is important that multicellular organisms ensure their starvation response is coordinated between individual cells, and therefore it is plausible to assume that there are mechanisms by which animals sense starvation systemically.Since animals cannot synthesize several amino acids, so-called ''essential acids,'' they must ingest these amino acids from external food sources to maintain homeostasis (Gietzen and Rogers 2006). C. elegans also requires certain amino acids in the diet (Szewczyk et al. 2003). This fact leads to the intriguing possibility that amino acids act as a food or anti-hunger signal. Indeed, treatment with amino acids can inhibit starvation-induced autophagy in culture...

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“…C. elegans and C. briggsae are sibling species, which display only a few subtle morphological differences. Their genomes have been completely sequenced and approximately 62% of the predicted C. briggsae genes are one-to-one orthologs of C. elegans (Stein et al, 2003). Thus there is little doubt that biochemical reactions identified in C. briggsae also occur in C. elegans and vice versa.…”

Section: Metabolic Studies In Related Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intermediary Metabolism

2004

Encyclopedic Dictionary of Genetics, Genomics and Proteomics

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Chemically defined medium and Caenorhabditis elegans

Cited by 118 publications

References 13 publications

Culturing <em>Caenorhabditis elegans</em > in Axenic Liquid Media and Creation of Transgenic Worms by Microparticle Bombardment

Culturing <em>Caenorhabditis elegans</em > in Axenic Liquid Media and Creation of Transgenic Worms by Microparticle Bombardment

Systemic regulation of starvation response in Caenorhabditis elegans

Intermediary Metabolism

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