Chemically modified electrodes

Untereker, Darrel F.; Lennox, John C.; Wier, Larry M.; Moses, P. R.; Murray, Royce W.

doi:10.1016/s0022-0728(77)80027-2

Cited by 82 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Untereker et al used several methods for creating clawlike brush phase silane layers on SnO 2 , TiO 2 , and glass [43]. SnO 2 was modified with γ -aminopropyl-triethoxysilane, 3-(2-(aminoethylamino)propyltrimethoxysilane), and β-trichlorosilyl-2-ethylpyridine by exposing the electrodes to 2-10% organosilane solutions in refluxing benzene or xylene under N 2 for up to 12 h. The electrodes were washed with dry benzene.…”

Section: Examples Of Silane Modificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modification of Transparent Conducting Oxide ( TCO ) Electrodes through Silanization and Chemisorption of Small Molecules

Brumbach

Armstrong

2007

Encyclopedia of Electrochemistry

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The sections in this article are Introduction The Metal Oxide Electrode and Modification Schemes Commonly Encountered TCO Electrodes Variability in TCO Electrodes Factors that Control the Surface Composition of the TCO Electrode Chemical Modification of TCO Surfaces Using Silane Chemistries Introduction to Silane Modification Examples of Silane Modification Silane Modification of Electrodes for Use in Devices Modification of TCO Surfaces through Chemisorption of Small Molecules Modification using Small Molecules Containing Carboxylic Acid Functionality Modification Using Phosphonic Acids and Other Chemisorbing Functionalities Conclusions Acknowledgments

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Section: Examples Of Silane Modificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6(a) [43]. Silanes with multiple leaving groups, however, will generally cross-link during the surface attachment process, or afterward during storage in high humid environments, to form a polymeric, hydrolytically stable layer, as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Introduction To Silane Modificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of Transparent Conducting Oxide ( TCO ) Electrodes through Silanization and Chemisorption of Small Molecules

Brumbach

Armstrong

2007

Encyclopedia of Electrochemistry

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“…We regularly use X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to analytically follow surface modification reactions on electrodes (4,22,23). In the course of examining Fe 2 P3/ 2 band on immobilized ferrocene surfaces, we noted that some surface attachment procedures left the surface in an oxidized state.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of metal, metal oxide, and carbon electrode surfaces chemically modified with ferrocene and ferricenium

et al. 1980

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“…Electrode soaked in a solution of iron porphyrin with no binding agent. While the reproducibility of N Is on SnOzIen electrodes is typically not this good, electrodes prepared by the mild reaction procedure (12) show much more reproducible intensities than observed in our earlier experiments (1). considering two N per en and four per porphyrin, suggests that about 1/3 of the en sites react with an iron porphyrin. The dimensions of a porphyrin are such as to sterically cover several en sites.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 45%

“…The SnOz electrodes are transparent, doped films on glass as used previously (1). Modified electrodes were prepared by reaction under mild, anhydrous conditions with 3-(2-aminoethy1amino)propyltrimethoxysilane to produce a surface with bonded layer of estimated (12) thickness of d = 4 A. Such electrodes bearing an ethylenediamine function are designated SnOz/en.…”

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confidence: 99%

Surface electrochemistry of iron porphyrins and iron on tin oxide electrodes

Davis¹,

Murray²

1977

Anal. Chem.

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During an attempt to form amide linkages between lron porphyrlns and SnOz electrodes siianized with an ethylenediamine reagent, strong chemisorption of the porphyrin and of Fe( 111) on SnOz has been observed. ESCA and electrochemistry of the chemisorbed iron porphyrin Indicate approximate monolayer coverage. Chemisorbed iron porphyrin and Fe( ill) produce large waves at negative (-1.2 to -1.4 V vs. SCE) potentials in nonaqueous solvents which are interpreted as iron-catalyzed reduction of the SnOz electrode.Chemical modification of an electrode surface ( 1 ) refers to strong binding of a selected chemical reagent to the surface to endow it with some or all of the chemical and electrochemical properties of the selected reagent. An interesting example of chemisorption binding of allyl compounds to Pt electrodes has been reported (2). Modification based on covalent bond formation between reagent and electrode, a more permanent form of chemical derivitization of the electrode, has been of recent interest and has been described for carbon ( 3 , 4 ) , SnO2 ( 1 , 5 ) , and Ti02 (6) electrodes. The work on SnOz electrodes utilizes organosilane reagents, which can bear amine, pyridyl, and other functionalities useful for subsequent surface synthesis of immobilized electrochemically reactive centers (6). Since metalloporphyrins exhibit reversible and interesting electrochemistry in a variety of solvents (7-9), we have attempted to couple such compounds to SnO2 electrodes silanized with an amine reagent. Iron porphyrins were selected since they have been well studied (8 and references therein) and show catalytic properties for various reactions (10) including of course biological reactions (11 ). Expected redox chemistry of iron porphyrins was obtained using pyridine solvent but, as the project developed it became evident that substantial chemisorptive effects overlaid the coupling chemistry, and that some unusual and probably catalytic process produced sizable cathodic waves in nonaqueous solvents at potentials more negative than one volt (8). It would be expected iron(II1) porphyrins would be reduced to the iron(I1) state at about -0.2 V (7, 8). EXPERIMENTALApparatus and Cell. The SnOz electrodes are transparent, doped films on glass as used previously (1). Modified electrodes were prepared by reaction under mild, anhydrous conditions with 3-(2-aminoethy1amino)propyltrimethoxysilane to produce a surface with bonded layer of estimated (12) thickness of d = 4 A. Such electrodes bearing an ethylenediamine function are designated SnOz/en. Unreacted SnOz electrodes were also employed.A DuPont Model 650B spectrometer was used to obtain ESCA spectra as before ( I ) . Spectra of powder samples on sticky tape and of %-in. SnOn electrode disks are referenced to C Is contaminant taken a t 284.0 eV ( 1 3 ) . ESCA intensities are planimeter-measured band areas.Electrochemical experiments were carried out in a machinable ceramic cell similar to that used previously (1) and to that of Kuwana et al. (14). The area of the electrode expos...

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Chemically modified electrodes

Cited by 82 publications

References 25 publications

Modification of Transparent Conducting Oxide ( TCO ) Electrodes through Silanization and Chemisorption of Small Molecules

Modification of Transparent Conducting Oxide ( TCO ) Electrodes through Silanization and Chemisorption of Small Molecules

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of metal, metal oxide, and carbon electrode surfaces chemically modified with ferrocene and ferricenium

Surface electrochemistry of iron porphyrins and iron on tin oxide electrodes

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