Chemically Modified Polyvinyl Chloride for Removal of Thionine Dye (Lauth’s Violet)

Abstract

The chemical modification of hydrophobic polymer matrices is an alternative way to elchange their surface properties. The introduction of sulfonic groups in the polymer changes the surface properties such as adhesion, wettability, catalytic ability, and adsorption capacity. This work describes the production and application of chemically modified polyvinyl chloride (PVC) as adsorbent for dyes removal. Chemical modification of PVC was evaluated by infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis, which indicated the presence of sulfonic groups on PVC. The chemically modified PVC (PVCDS) showed an ion exchange capacity of 1.03 mmol−1, and efficiently removed the thionine dye (Lauth’s violet) from aqueous solutions, reaching equilibrium in 30 min. The adsorption kinetics was better adjusted for a pseudo second order model. This result indicates that the adsorption of thionine onto PVCDS occurs by chemisorption. Among the models for the state of equilibrium, SIPS and Langmuir exhibited the best fit to the experimental results and PVCDS showed high adsorption capacities (370 mg−1). Thus, it is assumed that the system presents homogeneous characteristics to the distribution of active sites. The modification promoted the formation of surface characteristics favorable to the dye adsorption by the polymer.

Study of the preparation and properties of polyvinyl chloride/nitrocellulose polymer blends

“…On other hand, NC has a semicrystalline nature. 35,36 Figure 3(a) shows the XRD diffractogram of pure PVC. The main diffraction peaks are observed at 2⊔ = 29.5°, 25.1°and 39.63°of PVC which is in good agreement with recent reports.…”

“…Other reports concluded that commercial PVC is primarily an amorphous glassy polymer with a small percentage of crystalline structure and is therefore referred to as semicrystalline. On other hand, NC has a semicrystalline nature 35,36 . Figure 3(a) shows the XRD diffractogram of pure PVC.…”

A promising modified polyvinyl chloride for adsorption of boron: Preparation, adsorption kinetics, isotherm, and thermodynamic studies

“…The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) was exploited to display the N 2 loading and desorption on PVC, PVC‐MG, and PVC‐MG‐NMDG. From Table 2, the specific pore volume V (cm 3 g −1 ), surface area σ BET (m 2 g −1 ), and average pore diameter d (nm) of PVC were 0.0021 cm 3 g −1 , 0.27 m 2 g −1 , and 6.59 nm 55 . When amination was performed by methyl glycinate to form PVC‐MG, the pore volume and surface area increased to 0.248 cm 3 g −1 and 170.8 m 2 g −1 , while the diameter of the typical pore (average pore diameter) decreased to 5.56 nm.…”

“…From Table 2, the specific pore volume V (cm 3 g À1 ), surface area σ BET (m 2 g À1 ), and average pore diameter d (nm) of PVC were 0.0021 cm 3 g À1 , 0.27 m 2 g À1 , and 6.59 nm. 55 When amination was performed by methyl glycinate to form PVC-MG, the pore volume and surface area increased to 0.248 cm 3 g À1 and 170.8 m 2 g À1 , while the diameter of the typical pore (average pore diameter) decreased to 5.56 nm. Moreover, the condensation reaction between PVC-MG and N-methyl-D-gluconate resulted in the formation of a PVC-MG-NMDG composite with an enhancement in both specific pore volumes (0.319 cm 3 g À1 ) and surface area (217 m 2 g À1 ), while vanishing in average pore diameter to 4.73 nm.…”

Influence of Grafting of a Polymeric Antistatic Membrane Doped with Orthophosphoric Acid on its Electrical Properties

“…Similarly, Soman et al [24] found that the C-Cl peak appeared between 613 and 615 cm -1 [25]. Additionally, the characteristic absorption bands assigned to the C-Cl stretching vibration are observed in the region between 700 and 600 cm -1 [26-28], particularly at 683 and 611 cm -1 [29][30][31]. Moreover, the aromatic group of styrene is visible in these spectra in self-and chemical crosslinking.…”