Chemicals from Roots, Hairy Roots, and Their Application

Canto-Canché, Blondy; Loyola‐Vargas, Víctor M.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-4729-7_18

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 365 publications

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“…In addition to tropane alkaloids and nicotine, hairy root cultures have been shown to produce cinchona indole alkaloids, terpenoids, polyacetylenes, thiophenes, shikonins, and coumarins (Bais et al, 1999;. New root clones and root-specific metabolites are now frequently reported in the plant tissue culture literature (Table 2), and span an ever-increasing range of plant families (Canto-Canche and Loyola-Vargas, 1999;. In addition to secondary metabolites, we have found that hairy roots can produce proteins with pharmaceutical and agrochemical potential (Savary and Flores, 1994).…”

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confidence: 72%

“…These root-specific metabolic processes will be discussed within a biological perspective in an effort to illuminate the underground world. remedies from roots (Canto-Canche and Loyola-Vargas, 1999;. In a recent compilation of traditional Chinese materials, more than one-quarter of the over 400 preparations are derived from roots and/or rhizomes (Bensky and Gamble, 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Secondary metabolites from root and hairy root cultures have shown great promise for application in traditional Far East and Western medicine (Canto-Canche and Loyola-Vargas, 1999). The tropane alkaloids and their chemical relative nicotine and its derivatives, are just some of many compounds which are found in plant roots ( Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Root-specific metabolism: The biology and biochemistry of underground organs

Bais

Loyola‐Vargas

Flores

et al. 2001

In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.-Plant

125

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The roots of higher plants comprise a metabolically active and largely unexplored biological frontier. Some of their prime features include the ability to synthesize a remarkably diverse group of secondary metabolites, and to adjust their metabolic activities in response to different abiotic and biotic stresses. This adjustment includes the ability to exude a wide array of micro-and macromolecules into the rhizosphere and to phytoremediate toxic metals, with the potential to affect and alter the relationships between plants and both beneficial and deleterious soil-borne pathogens. In the past, research on root biology has been hampered by the underground nature of roots and the lack of suitable experimental systems to study root-root and root -microbe communications. However, recent progress in growing roots in isolation with other elements of the rhizosphere has greatly facilitated the study of root-specific metabolism and contributed to our understanding of this organ.

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confidence: 72%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Root-specific metabolism: The biology and biochemistry of underground organs

Bais

Loyola‐Vargas

Flores

et al. 2001

In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.-Plant

125

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“…Among others, hairy roots were found to be an abundant source of many classes of secondary metabolites (35).…”

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confidence: 99%

Divergent pattern of polyisoprenoid alcohols in the tissues of Coluria geoides: A new electrospray lonization MS approach

Skorupińska-Tudek

Bieńkowski

Olszowska

et al. 2003

Lipids

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Polyisoprenoid alcohols of the plant Coluria geoides were isolated and analyzed by HPLC with UV detection to determine the nature of the polyprenol and dolichol mixture in the organs studied. In roots, a family of dolichols (Dol-15 to Dol-23, with Dol-16 dominating, where Dol-n is dolichol composed of n isoprene units) was accompanied by traces of polyprenols of similar chain lengths, whereas in hairy roots grown in vitro, identical patterns with a slightly broader chain-length range were found. Conversely, in leaves and seeds polyprenols were the dominant form, and their pattern was shifted toward longer chains (maximal content of Pren-19, where Pren-n is polyprenol composed of n isoprene units). Interestingly, the pattern of dolichols in seeds and leaves (in which Dol-17 dominated) was similar to that found in roots. Structures of the dolichols and polyprenols isolated were confirmed by the application of a new HPLC/electrospray ionization-MS method, which also offers a much higher sensitivity in detection of these compounds compared to a UV detector. The highest sensitivity was obtained when the [M + Na]+ ions of polyprenols and dolichols were recorded in the selected ion monitoring mode and a small amount of sodium acetate solution was added post-column to enhance the formation of these ions in an electrospray ion source.

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“…Ginseng contains a mixture of triterpene saponins, or ginsenosides, as its major bioactive component. Because of high market demand, several culture systems have been widely adopted for the mass production of these ginsenosides (Canto-Canche and Loyola-Vargas, 1999;Bourgaud et al, 2001 ;Lian et al, 2002).…”

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confidence: 99%

Changes in gene expression during hairy root formation byAgrobacterium rhizogenes infection in ginseng

Chung¹,

Cho²,

Kim

et al. 2003

J. Plant Biol.

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Researchers have widely adopted the hairy root culture system as a means for producing secondary metabolites, including ginsenosides from ginseng. Although bacterial genes are involved, the aspects of plant gene expression are unclear. Using a cDNA microarray approach, we identified genes that are differentially expressed in ginseng hairy roots after Agrobacterium rhizogenes infection. Our goal was to gain an initial understanding of the correlation between hairy root morphology and ginsenoside produc'Uon. Among the 250 genes analyzed here, 63 (including 14 that are unclassified) were differentially expressed in a hairy root line containing a high level of ginsenosides. Of the genes that had been functionally categorized, 29% and 17% were active in metabolism and s~ress responses, respectively. Most were primarily associated with ribosomal proteins, thereby functioning in protein synthesis and destination. Their expression was down-regulated in hairy roots having less lateral branching. This phenotype may have resulted from the manipulation of metabolic activities by the translational machinery.

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Chemicals from Roots, Hairy Roots, and Their Application

Cited by 21 publications

References 365 publications

Root-specific metabolism: The biology and biochemistry of underground organs

Root-specific metabolism: The biology and biochemistry of underground organs

Divergent pattern of polyisoprenoid alcohols in the tissues of Coluria geoides: A new electrospray lonization MS approach

Changes in gene expression during hairy root formation byAgrobacterium rhizogenes infection in ginseng

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