Chemiluminescence in Liquid Solutions: The Chemiluminescence of Lophine and Its Derivatives*

Abstract

Abstract— A number of derivatives and analogs of lophine (Ia) have been prepared in an effort to elucidate the chemiluminescence of this class of compounds. A hydroperoxide has been implicated as a reaction intermediate; intramolecular decomposition of this compound yields an excited singlet state of a diaroylarylamidine salt (IX). the light emitter in the reaction. Consistent with this view is the fact that in two cases the chemiluminescence emission matches the wavelength distribution in the fluorescence of the amidine salts. A brief discussion is given of the nature of chemiluminescence of reactions in solution.

Immobilized 2-(4-hydrazinocarbonylphenyl)-4,5-diphenylimidazole as solid phase luminophore in peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence

“…It seems therefore that the reagent is not consumed in the light producing process. This is different from the common mechanism of lophine chemiluminescence [38], in which the reagent is known to be consumed during emission of light at 520 to 530 nm. Furthermore, the PO-CL emission from HCPI was found to have a maximum around 450 nm, which indicates a different mechanism and another structure of the light emitting species.…”

Development of functional imidazole derivatives: the influence of alkaline metal cations on the rates of CL reactions of 2‐(phenyl and 4‐dimethylaminophenyl)‐4‐hydroperoxy‐4‐3′,4′‐(15‐crown‐5)phenyl‐5‐3″‐4″‐(15‐crown‐5)phenyl‐4H‐isoimidazoles

“…In order to avoid contamination of M + stemming from trigger bases, a methanol solution of TBAOH was selected as a trigger base other than MOH/methanol. The mixed solvent MeCN:MeOH was selected, as it met the necessity of dissolving (18). As the CL efficiency of hydroperoxide 2a was lower than that of 2b, the rate data for 2a had , Ca 2+ and Ba 2+ show a red shift in λ max of their CL emission spectra.…”

Lophine derivatives as versatile analytical tools

“…As a result, all of the imidazoles (I) yielded emission of light in the presence of a base and oxygen and all the peroxides (II) yielded light in the presence of a base alone. The CL of lophine and its derivatives was also studied in liquid solutions (White and Harding, 1965), and it was clarified that a hydroperoxide as a reaction intermediate is intramolecularly decomposed to yield an excited singlet state of diaroylamidine followed by the emission of light. CL maxima of the derivatives and their peroxides were almost the same and emitted at 485-530 nm in ethanol.…”