Chemiluminescent Nanomicelles for Imaging Hydrogen Peroxide and Self‐Therapy in Photodynamic Therapy

Abstract

Hydrogen peroxide is a signal molecule of the tumor, and its overproduction makes a higher concentration in tumor tissue compared to normal tissue. Based on the fact that peroxalates can make chemiluminescence with a high efficiency in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, we developed nanomicelles composed of peroxalate ester oligomers and fluorescent dyes, called peroxalate nanomicelles (POMs), which could image hydrogen peroxide with high sensitivity and stability. The potential application of the POMs in photodynamic therapy (PDT) for cancer was also investigated. It was found that the PDT-drug-loaded POMs were sensitive to hydrogen peroxide, and the PDT drug could be stimulated by the chemiluminescence from the reaction between POMs and hydrogen peroxide, which carried on a self-therapy of the tumor without the additional laser light resource.

Photodynamic nanomedicine in the treatment of solid tumors: Perspectives and challenges

“…Various dosimetric techniques, for example, measurement of singlet oxygen luminescence, image-assisted evaluation of PDT-induced biological effect, measurement of fluorescence photobleaching of the photosensitizers as a surrogate parameter and measurement of total light energy absorbed by the drug per unit tissue volume, are being investigated to establish precise correlation between PDT parameters and treatment effects [176–189]. A recent interesting nanoparticle-based development in this area is the fabrication of chemoluminescent probe-incorporated nanoparticle systems that allow chemoluminescence-based monitoring of reactive oxygen species levels produced upon photoirradiation [96, 190]. Efficient integration of appropriate drug delivery mechanisms, light delivery technologies and dosimetric approaches can be envisioned to significantly enhance the translational promise of nanoparticle-based photosensitizer formulations.…”

Recent advances in hydrogen peroxide imaging for biological applications

“…A number of nanoprobes were listed in Table 2 . Peroxalate-based nanoparticles were recently developed which chemically excites the encapsulated dye, leading to light emission from the nanoparticles and the imaging of H 2 O 2 [ 29 , 55 – 57 ]. Encapsulating fluorescent probes into nanoparticles can improve their stability.…”

“…The field of view is up to scores of centimeter covering a whole small animal, but the resolution is at the millimeter level. The recent advances of bioluminescence and chemiluminescence probes enable whole animal studies of H 2 O 2 production [ 29 , 30 , 47 – 49 , 55 – 57 , 62 , 102 ].…”

Estudos da eficiência da reação peroxioxalato em meios aquosos contendo líquidos iônicos

“…[26] Além disso, a aplicação de porfirinas como fluoróforos permite a concepção de um sistema para a destruição seletiva do tumor, [27][28][29][30] devido à capacidade de porfirinas, em uma estado excitado,…”

“…Devido ao fato que as células malignas produzem quantidades acrescidas de peróxido de hidrogênio, [22] formulações baseadas em oxalatos podem ser usadas para a exibição de focos de crescimento de tumores [23][24][25] e outros processos inflamatórios. [26] Além disso, a aplicação de porfirinas como fluoróforos permite a concepção de um sistema para a destruição seletiva do tumor, [27][28][29][30] devido à capacidade de porfirinas, em uma estado excitado, de transferir energia para moléculas de oxigênio levando-os ao estado singlete.…”