The reaction of 2-amino-3-cyano-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo [b]thiophene with chloroacetyl chloride gave the 2-chloroacetamido derivative 3. The latter reacted with hydrazine hydrate to give the hydrazine derivative 5 which was used to form the hydrazone derivatives 7a, b and 9a, b via its reaction with some carbonyl compounds. Moreover, it produced the pyrazole derivatives 11a, b through its reaction with either acetylacetone or ethyl acetoacetate. On the other hand, compounds 5 and 3 were used to form some thiazole, pyridine, and fused derivatives. The cytotoxicity of the newly obtained products was evaluated against some of the human cancer and normal cell lines where the results showed that compounds 3, 11b, 13, 18c, 18d, 21, 23, and 24 exhibited optimal cytotoxic effect against cancer cell lines, with IC 50 's in the nM range.